Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28528561›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2017

Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock.

Ashish Khanna, Shane W English, Xueyuan S Wang, Kealy Ham, James Tumlin, Harold Szerlip, Laurence W Busse, Laith Altaweel, Timothy E Albertson, Caleb Mackey and 21 more

14 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 14 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 363 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
363citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02338843 phase3completednot on this map

A Phase 3, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center Study of LJPC-501 in Patients With Catecholamine-Resistant Hypotension (CRH)

TypeinterventionalSponsorLa Jolla Pharmaceutical CompanyRan2015 to 2017Enrolled344ConditionsCatecholamine-resistant Hypotension (CRH), Distributive Shock, High Output Shock, SepsisArmsLJPC-501, Placebo
NCT03733145 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

A Dose Finding Trial for Angiotensin II in Hypertensive Adults on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers With Anesthesia-Mediated Hypotension

TypeinterventionalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2019 to 2023Enrolled32ConditionsHypertensionArmsAngiotensin II
NCT03783091 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

A Phase II Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of High Dose Vitamin B12 in Septic Shock

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical College of WisconsinRan2019 to 2023Enrolled20ConditionsSeptic ShockArmsHydroxocobalamin, Placebo
NCT04529005 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Angiotensin II in the Perioperative Management of Hypotension in Kidney Transplant

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoRan2020 to 2021Enrolled20ConditionsShock, Surgical, Shock, Hypotension and Shock, Kidney TransplantArmsAngiotensin II
NCT04592744 phase4active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Intraoperative Angiotensin 2 for the Prevention of Kidney Injury After Liver Transplant

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, Los AngelesRan2022 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsCirrhosis, Liver, End Stage Liver DIsease, Acute Kidney Injury, Liver TransplantArmsAngiotensin II, Norepinephrine
NCT04742764 phase3suspendednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Dosing of Extracorporeal Cytokine Removal In Septic Shock (DECRISS): a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PecsRan2024 to 2027Enrolled135ConditionsSeptic ShockArmsStandard medical therapy, Standard medical therapy plus cytokine removal treatment using Cytosorb, with the adsorber changed in every 12 hours, Standard medical therapy plus cytokine removal treatment using Cytosorb, with the adsorber changed in every 24 hours
NCT04901169 phase2 / phase3active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Angiotensin II in Liver Transplantation (AngLT-1): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2022 to 2027Enrolled50ConditionsLiver Transplant, Complications, VasoplegiaArmsAngiotensin II, Saline
NCT05136183 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

CLinical Efficacy of Hemoperfusion With a Cytokine Adsorber in Norepinephrine-Resistant SEptic Shock

TypeinterventionalSponsorMahidol UniversityRan2021 to 2023Enrolled200ConditionsSeptic Shock, Cytokine StormArmsHA-330 Disposable Hemoperfusion Cartridge (Jafron, China)
NCT05193370 phase4withdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Angiotensin II Versus Vasopressin as Second-line Vasopressor in the Treatment of Septic Shock

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of New MexicoRan2022 to 2022Enrolled0ConditionsSeptic ShockArmsAngiotensin II, Vasopressin
NCT05824767 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

DPP3, Angiotensin II, and Renin Kinetics in Sepsis (DARK-Sepsis) Pilot: Serum Biomarkers to Predict Response to Angiotensin II vs. Standard-of-care Vasopressor Therapy in the Treatment of Septic Shock, a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of New MexicoRan2023 to 2025Enrolled42ConditionsSeptic Shock, Vasodilatory ShockArmsAngiotensin II
NCT06539234 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Angiotensin II Stress Test. Renin Kinetics During Treatment of Vasoplegic Shock With Angiotensin II in Relation to Hemodynamic Response to Treatment With Angiotensin II.

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity Medical Centre MariborRan2024 to 2026Enrolled80ConditionsShock, Vasoplegic Syndrome
NCT06693726 phase4recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

ANGIOtensin II for Septic Shock in the Emergency Department: ANGIO-ED Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorBrett A FaineRan2025 to 2026Enrolled20ConditionsSeptic ShockArmsAngiotensin II Infusion
NCT07212686 phase4enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

An Open-Label, Single-Center Study of Synthetic Angiotensin II/Giapreza in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Hypotension Despite Receiving Fluid Therapy and Vasoactive Therapy

TypeinterventionalSponsorTodd SwebergRan2025 to 2030Enrolled30ConditionsVasodilatory ShockArmsAngiotensin-II
NCT07671365 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Angiotensin II for Post Cardiac Surgery Vasoplegia (ANGII_V)

TypeinterventionalSponsorMethodist Healthcare System of San AntonioRan2026 to 2030Enrolled329ConditionsVasoplegic Shock, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, VasoplegiaArmsAngiotensin II (Giapreza®)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

363 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. [S3 guideline on sepsis-prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up care-update 2025].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025
    Guideline
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303 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Ashish KhannaFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Shane W EnglishFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Xueyuan S WangFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Kealy HamFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
James TumlinFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Harold SzerlipFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Laurence W BusseFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Laith AltaweelFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Timothy E AlbertsonFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Caleb MackeyFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Michael T McCurdyFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
David W BoldtFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Stefan ChockFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Paul J YoungFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Kenneth KrellFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Richard G WunderinkFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Marlies OstermannFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Raghavan MuruganFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Michelle N GongFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Rakshit PanwarFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Johanna HästbackaFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Raphael FavoryFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Balasubramanian VenkateshFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
B Taylor ThompsonFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Rinaldo BellomoFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Jeffrey JensenFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Stew KrollFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Lakhmir S ChawlaFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
George F TidmarshFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Adam M DeaneFrom Anesthesiology Institute, Center for Critical Care and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (A.K.); the Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S.W.E.); Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (X.S.W.); Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN (K.H.); University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (J.T.); the Division of Nephrology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (H.S.); the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.W.B.); Inova Medical Center, Falls Church, VA (L.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento (T.E.A.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (D.W.B.), and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego (J.J., S.K., L.S.C., G.F.T.) - all in California; the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.T.M.); the Department of Surgery, Sunrise Hospital, Las Vegas (S.C.); Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.J.Y.); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls (K.K.); the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.G.W.); the Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London (M.O.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (R.M.); the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (M.N.G.); John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (R.P.), the Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia (B.V.), and School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville (R.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne (A.M.D.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (J.H.); INSERM UMR 995 LIRIC (Lille Inflammation Research Center), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Critical Care Center and University of Lille School of Medicine, Lille, France (R.F.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
ATHOS-3 Investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVasodilatory shock that does not respond to high-dose vasopressors is associated with high mortality. We investigated the effectiveness of angiotensin II for the treatment of patients with this condition.

methodsWe randomly assigned patients with vasodilatory shock who were receiving more than 0.2 μg of norepinephrine per kilogram of body weight per minute or the equivalent dose of another vasopressor to receive infusions of either angiotensin II or placebo. The primary end point was a response with respect to mean arterial pressure at hour 3 after the start of infusion, with response defined as an increase from baseline of at least 10 mm Hg or an increase to at least 75 mm Hg, without an increase in the dose of background vasopressors.

resultsA total of 344 patients were assigned to one of the two regimens; 321 received a study intervention (163 received angiotensin II, and 158 received placebo) and were included in the analysis. The primary end point was reached by more patients in the angiotensin II group (114 of 163 patients, 69.9%) than in the placebo group (37 of 158 patients, 23.4%) (odds ratio, 7.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.76 to 13.3; P<0.001). At 48 hours, the mean improvement in the cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (scores range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating more severe dysfunction) was greater in the angiotensin II group than in the placebo group (-1.75 vs. -1.28, P=0.01). Serious adverse events were reported in 60.7% of the patients in the angiotensin II group and in 67.1% in the placebo group. Death by day 28 occurred in 75 of 163 patients (46%) in the angiotensin II group and in 85 of 158 patients (54%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.07; P=0.12).

conclusionsAngiotensin II effectively increased blood pressure in patients with vasodilatory shock that did not respond to high doses of conventional vasopressors. (Funded by La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company; ATHOS-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02338843 .).

Indexed as

AgedAngiotensin IIBlood PressureCatecholaminesDouble-Blind MethodDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansHypotensionMaleMiddle AgedOrgan Dysfunction ScoresShockVasoconstrictor AgentsAngiotensin IICatecholaminesVasoconstrictor Agents

Identifiers

PMID28528561

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.