ReviewJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2017
Apolipoprotein E4, Gender, Body Mass Index, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Air Pollution Interactions: Recipe for Alzheimer's Disease Development in Mexico City Young Females.
Review in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- PMiScience · 2026Review
- Aging in a highly polluted world: challenges and solutions to prevent Alzheimer's disease.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- A 'Standard of Care PLUS' Model for Preterm Birth Prevention: Integrating Nutrient and Gene Variant Analysis with Targeted Interventions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- An investigation on amyloid beta plaque dissociation in U87MG cells of in-vitro digested pomegranate peel.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolome informs about the chemical exposome and links to brain health.Environment international · 2025Review
- Advancement in modeling of Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review of preclinical screening platforms.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- The impact of APOE4 on neurological symptoms after exposure to K. brevis neurotoxin.Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2025Article
- Environmental Toxins and Alzheimer's Disease: a Comprehensive Analysis of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Modulation.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Nitrooxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Caused by Air Pollutants Are Associated with the Biological Markers of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- APOE Peripheral and Brain Impact: APOE4 Carriers Accelerate Their Alzheimer Continuum and Have a High Risk of Suicide in PMBiomolecules · 2023Review
- Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease (Type 3 Diabetes).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- Midlife lipid and glucose levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Chemical Compounds and Ambient Factors Affecting Pancreatic Alpha-Cells Mass and Function: What Evidence?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Associations of particulate matter with dementia and mild cognitive impairment in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2021Article
- Pulmonary and vascular effects of acute ozone exposure in diabetic rats fed an atherogenic diet.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2021Article
- Broader Insights into Understanding Tumor Necrosis Factor and Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis Infer New Therapeutic Approaches.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Review
- Gait and balance disturbances are common in young urbanites and associated with cognitive impairment. Air pollution and the historical development of Alzheimer's disease in the young.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Mouse brain transcriptome responses to inhaled nanoparticulate matter differed by sex andeLife · 2020Article
- Apolipoprotein E and oxidative stress in brain with relevance to Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2020Review
- Effects of early postnatal exposure to fine particulate matter on emotional and cognitive development and structural synaptic plasticity in immature and mature rats.Brain and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Given the epidemiological trends of increasing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and growing evidence that exposure and lifestyle factors contribute to AD risk and pathogenesis, attention should be paid to variables such as air pollution, in order to reduce rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above the US EPA standards is associated with AD risk. Mexico City children experienced pre- and postnatal high exposures to PM2.5, O3, combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and endotoxins. Exposures are associated with early brain gene imbalance in oxidative stress, inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, along with epigenetic changes, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cognitive deficits, and brain structural and metabolic changes. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele, the most prevalent genetic risk for AD, plays a key role in the response to air pollution in young girls. APOE 4 heterozygous females with >75% to <94% BMI percentiles are at the highest risk of severe cognitive deficits (1.5-2 SD from average IQ). This review focused on the relationships between gender, BMI, systemic and neural inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, dyslipidemia, vascular risk factors, and central nervous system involvement in APOE4 urbanites exposed to PM2.5 and magnetite combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles that can reach the brain. APOE4 young female heterozygous carriers constitute a high-risk group for a fatal disease: AD. Multidisciplinary intervention strategies could be critical for prevention or amelioration of cognitive deficits and long-term AD progression in young individuals at high risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.