ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2017
Geographic Patterns of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children of Participants in Nurses' Health Study II.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalences of Anorexia, Autism, and Schizophrenia, Are Strongly Associated With Average Annual Temperatures: Systematic Review and Linear Regression Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis by birth weight, gestational age, and size for gestational age: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Geographic patterns in the prevalence of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders among children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Unintentional Drowning Incidents Involving Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Treated in US Emergency Departments, 2016-2020.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Mapping associations of polygenic scores with autistic and ADHD traits in a single city region.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- County-Level Prevalence Estimates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in the United States.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- ReCANVo: A database of real-world communicative and affective nonverbal vocalizations.Scientific data · 2023Article
- National and State Trends in autistic Adult Supplemental Security Income Awardees: 2005-2019.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Brief Report: Autism-Specific College Support Programs: Differences Across Geography and Institutional Type.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology.SN applied sciences · 2022Review
- Environmental and Household-Based Spatial Risks for Tungiasis in an Endemic Area of Coastal Kenya.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom.JCPP advances · 2021Article
- Exploratory spatial analysis of autism rates in New York school districts: role of sociodemographic and language differences.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Article
- Association Between Epidural Analgesia During Labor and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution of autism spectrum disorder prevalence among birth cohorts during 2000-2011 in Israel.Annals of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Contribution of socioeconomic and environmental factors to geographic disparities in breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Incidence and Time Trends Over Two Decades in a Population-Based Birth Cohort.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2019Article
- Environmental Chemicals and Autism: A Scoping Review of the Human and Animal Research.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Article
- Current Enlightenment About Etiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Data indicate that the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be increasing and that it varies geographically. We investigated associations between residential location and ASD in the children of Nurses' Health Study II (United States) participants in order to generate hypotheses about social and environmental factors related to etiology or diagnosis. Analyses included data on 13,507 children born during 1989-1999 (486 with ASD). We explored relationships between ASD and residential location both at birth and at age 6 years (i.e., closer to average age at diagnosis). Generalized additive models were used to predict ASD odds across the United States. Children born in New England were 50% more likely to be diagnosed with ASD compared with children born elsewhere in the United States. Patterns were not explained by geographic variation in maternal age, birth year, child's sex, community income, or prenatal exposure to hazardous air pollutants, indicating that spatial variation is not attributable to these factors. Using the residential address at age 6 years produced similar results; however, areas of significantly decreased ASD odds were observed in the Southeast, where children were half as likely to have ASD. These results may indicate that diagnostic factors are driving spatial patterns; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that other environmental factors are influencing distributions.
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