ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2018
Too Fast or Too Slow? Time and Neuronal Variability in Bipolar Disorder-A Combined Theoretical and Empirical Investigation.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of global signal topography in aging, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cognitive task performance.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Time perception in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- [The sensorimotor domain in the research domain criteria system: progress and perspectives].Der Nervenarzt · 2021Pooled it
- Going Back to Kahlbaum's Psychomotor (and GABAergic) Origins: Is Catatonia More Than Just a Motor and Dopaminergic Syndrome?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Cerebellar Time and Relative Time: A Comparator-Based Dynamical Timing Model and its Relevance to Psychopathology and Therapies.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Review
- Shared and Distinct Time-Space Experiences Along the Psychotic-Affective Continuum.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Relationship between time perspective and depressive symptoms in young people working in high-altitude environments.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Personal brain and Spatiotemporal Psychopathology - Intrinsic vs. extrinsic sources of interindividual variability.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- A synergetic turn in cognitive neuroscience of brain diseases.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2024Review
- Intrinsic timescales and predictive allostatic interoception in brain health and disease.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Temporal dysregulation of the somatomotor network in agitated depression.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Advances in functional MRI research in bipolar disorder: from the perspective of mood states.General psychiatry · 2024Review
- Overcoming the translational crisis of contemporary psychiatry - converging phenomenological and spatiotemporal psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Integrating subjective and objective-spatiotemporal approach to psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Mind body medicine: a modern bio-psycho-social model forty-five years after Engel.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2023Article
- Mitigating Mismatch Compression in Differential Local Field Potentials.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2023Article
- Effects of ketamine optical isomers, psilocybin, psilocin and norpsilocin on time estimation and cognition in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Evidences of emerging pain consciousness during prenatal development: a narrative review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- From Molecular to Behavior: Higher Order Occipital Cortex in Major Depressive Disorder.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Time is an essential feature in bipolar disorder (BP). Manic and depressed BP patients perceive the speed of time as either too fast or too slow. The present article combines theoretical and empirical approaches to integrate phenomenological, psychological, and neuroscientific accounts of abnormal time perception in BP. Phenomenology distinguishes between perception of inner time, ie, self-time, and outer time, ie, world-time, that desynchronize or dissociate from each other in BP: inner time speed is abnormally slow (as in depression) or fast (as in mania) and, by taking on the role as default-mode function, impacts and modulates the perception of outer time speed in an opposite way, ie, as too fast in depression and too slow in mania. Complementing, psychological investigation show opposite results in time perception, ie, time estimation and reproduction, in manic and depressed BP. Neuronally, time speed can be indexed by neuronal variability, ie, SD. Our own empirical data show opposite changes in manic and depressed BP (and major depressive disorder [MDD]) with abnormal SD balance, ie, SD ratio, between somatomotor and sensory networks that can be associated with inner and outer time. Taken together, our combined theoretical-empirical approach demonstrates that desynchronization or dissociation between inner and outer time in BP can be traced to opposite neuronal variability patterns in somatomotor and sensory networks. This opens the door for individualized therapeutic "normalization" of neuronal variability pattern in somatomotor and sensory networks by stimulation with TMS and/or tDCS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.