ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2018
Effective Message Elements for Disclosures About Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Modified Risk Tobacco Product Claims on Consumer Responses.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Designing More Effective Cigar Warnings: An Experiment Among Adult Cigar Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Effect of Cigarette Constituent Messages With Engagement Text on Intention to Quit Smoking Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Cigarette pack messages about toxic chemicals: a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2019Trial
- Cigarette smoke promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by activating ERK1/2-FOXC1 axis to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Messages About Tobacco and Alcohol Co-Users.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Tobacco-related lung cancer burden in the Western Pacific Region from 1990 to 2021: An age-period-cohort analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Identifying promising themes and messages for youth vaping prevention: A national study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Cigarette smoke promotes IL-6-dependent lung cancer migration and osteolytic bone metastasis.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Cigarette smoke-promoted increases in osteopontin expression attract mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and facilitate lung cancer metastasis.Journal of advanced research · 2022Article
- Awareness of and reactions to health and environmental harms of red meat among parents in the United States.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Awareness of and reactions to the health harms of sugary drinks: An online study of U.S. parents.Appetite · 2021Article
- Bayesian Inference: Understanding Experimental Data With Informative Hypotheses.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- The Influence of Various Smoking Categories on The Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Pre-Eclampsia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- An Eye Tracking Study of Anti-Smoking Messages on Toxic Chemicals in Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness: Validation of a Brief Scale.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019Article
- Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Do Smokers Recall Source or Quitline on Cigarette Constituent Messages?Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- Increasing Effectiveness of Messages about Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke.Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoke contains at least 93 chemicals or "constituents" that the Food and Drug Administration has identified as harmful and potentially harmful constituents to human health. Our study sought to identify which constituent disclosure message elements are most effective in discouraging people from smoking. Methods: Three hundred eighty eight current smokers aged 18 and older completed an online survey in February 2015. We randomized participants to respond to one of two sets of 13 toxic products that contain cigarette constituents and 25 health effects associated with cigarette constituents. Results: Products that elicited the most discouragement were those with lower chances of exposure (e.g., explosives), followed by products with possible exposure (e.g., rat poison), and products with a high likelihood of exposure (e.g., floor cleaner). Awareness of toxic products that constituents are found in (p < .001) and low exposure products (p < .001) were associated with higher discouragement. Health effects that people had heard are caused by cigarette smoke constituents elicited higher discouragement from smoking cigarettes (p < .001). Cancer was associated with higher discouragement relative to respiratory, cardiovascular, and reproductive health effects (all p < .001). Conclusions: Cigarette smoke constituent messages may be more effective at discouraging smoking if they include information about carcinogenic health effects (e.g., mouth cancer and lung tumors) and low exposure toxic products (e.g., explosives and radioactive material) as message elements. Implications: Our study identified health effects and toxic products, especially cancers and rarely encountered toxic products, that may discourage smoking when included in disclosure messages. By constructing messages that communicate the harms associated with tobacco use by contextualizing those harms in terms of specific constituents, tobacco education messaging efforts may be increasingly successful.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.