ReviewJournal of travel medicine2017
Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea: a graded expert panel report.
Review in Journal of travel medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence and risk factors for travellers' diarrhoea among short-term international adult travellers from high-income countries: a systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies.Journal of travel medicine · 2025Pooled it
- 45 years of tetracycline post exposure prophylaxis for STIs and the risk of tetracycline resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Bismuth subsalicylate, probiotics, rifaximin and vaccines for the prevention of travelers' diarrhea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Cholera in travellers: a systematic review.Journal of travel medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Prophylactic efficacy of probiotics on travelers' diarrhea: an adaptive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Epidemiology and health · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of Antenatal Monthly Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Alone or with Azithromycin, on Gestational Weight Gain and Anemia during Pregnancy and One Month Postpartum in Malawi: A Randomized Controlled Trial Secondary Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Trial
- Development of a new travellers' diarrhoea clinical severity classification and its utility in confirming rifamycin-SV efficacy.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Trial
- Rifamycin SV-MMX® for treatment of travellers' diarrhea: equally effective as ciprofloxacin and not associated with the acquisition of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Journal of travel medicine · 2018Trial
- Epidemiological comparison of international travel-associated and domestically acquired Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella infections reported to Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2010-2019.Travel medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and impact of travellers' diarrhoea differs during UK military training exercises in Kenya and Oman.BMJ military health · 2026Article
- Syndromic Diagnostics for Travelers' Diarrhea: Near-Patient Field-Expedient Testing in Resource-Limited Settings.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Detection of toxigenicIDCases · 2026Article
- GeoSentinel Analysis of Travelers' Diarrhea Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Probiotics and Antibiotics Use for the Prevention of Travelers' Diarrhea Among Polish Tourists-Results from an Online Survey: Why Is Education Needed?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Acute gastroenteritis in adults.Singapore medical journal · 2025Article
- A metagenomic approach for microbial risk assessment and source attribution in high-risk ports of entry environments.Biosafety and health · 2025Article
- Emerging multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive enterotoxigenicOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk of Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Among Travellers and Migrants: A Narrative Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background: Travelers' diarrhea causes significant morbidity including some sequelae, lost travel time and opportunity cost to both travelers and countries receiving travelers. Effective prevention and treatment are needed to reduce these negative impacts.
methods: This critical appraisal of the literature and expert consensus guideline development effort asked several key questions related to antibiotic and non-antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment, utility of available diagnostics, impact of multi-drug resistant (MDR) colonization associated with travel and travelers' diarrhea, and how our understanding of the gastrointestinal microbiome should influence current practice and future research. Studies related to these key clinical areas were assessed for relevance and quality. Based on this critical appraisal, guidelines were developed and voted on using current standards for clinical guideline development methodology.
results: New definitions for severity of travelers' diarrhea were developed. A total of 20 graded recommendations on the topics of prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapy and follow-up were developed. In addition, three non-graded consensus-based statements were adopted.
conclusions: Prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea requires action at the provider, traveler and research community levels. Strong evidence supports the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy in most cases of moderate to severe travelers' diarrhea, while either increasing intake of fluids only or loperamide or bismuth subsalicylate may suffice for most cases of mild diarrhea. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps regarding optimal therapies, the individual, community and global health risks of MDR acquisition, manipulation of the microbiome in prevention and treatment and the utility of laboratory testing in returning travelers with persistent diarrhea.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.