ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2017
Using Molecular Characterization to Support Investigations of Aquatic Facility-Associated Outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis - Alabama, Arizona, and Ohio, 2016.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Large-scale molecular epidemiological survey ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Cryptosporidium Genotyping for Epidemiology Tracking.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Food and Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis from a One Health Perspective: A Comprehensive Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Among Collegiate Swimmers and Evidence of Secondary Transmission - Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Multiple introductions and recombination events underlie the emergence of a hyper-transmissible Cryptosporidium hominis subtype in the USA.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Evaluation of various distance computation methods for construction of haplotype-based phylogenies from large MLST datasets.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · 2022Article
- An Overview of Mucosa-Associated Protozoa: Challenges in Chemotherapy and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- High Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans in Ontario, Canada.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Species and genotypes causing human cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Genotyping and Subtyping Cryptosporidium To Identify Risk Factors and Transmission Patterns - Nebraska, 2015-2017.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Article
- Development of a workflow for identification of nuclear genotyping markers for Cyclospora cayetanensis.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2020Article
- Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks - United States, 2009-2017.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2019Article
- Massive Cryptosporidium infections and chronic diarrhea in HIV-negative patients.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water - United States, 2013-2014.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2017Article
- Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogensFood and waterborne parasitologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a nationally notifiable gastrointestinal illness caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium, which can cause profuse, watery diarrhea that can last up to 2-3 weeks in immunocompetent patients and can lead to life-threatening wasting and malabsorption in immunocompromised patients. Fecal-oral transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts, the parasite's infectious life stage, occurs via ingestion of contaminated recreational water, drinking water, or food, or following contact with infected persons or animals, particularly preweaned bovine calves (1). The typical incubation period is 2-10 days. Since 2004, the annual incidence of nationally notified cryptosporidiosis has risen approximately threefold in the United States (1). Cryptosporidium also has emerged as the leading etiology of nationally notified recreational water-associated outbreaks, particularly those associated with aquatic facilities (i.e., physical places that contain one or more aquatic venues [e.g., pools] and support infrastructure) (2). As of February 24, 2017, a total of 13 (54%) of 24 states reporting provisional data detected at least 32 aquatic facility-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in 2016. In comparison, 20 such outbreaks were voluntarily reported to CDC via the National Outbreak Reporting System for 2011, 16 for 2012, 13 for 2013, and 16 for 2014. This report highlights cryptosporidiosis outbreaks associated with aquatic facilities in three states (Alabama, Arizona, and Ohio) in 2016. This report also illustrates the use of CryptoNet, the first U.S. molecularly based surveillance system for a parasitic disease, to further elucidate Cryptosporidium chains of transmission and cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. CryptoNet data can be used to optimize evidence-based prevention strategies. Not swimming when ill with diarrhea is key to preventing and controlling aquatic facility-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks (https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/swimmers/steps-healthy-swimming.html).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.