ArticleScientific reports2017
E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Lung Damage Caused by Heated Tobacco Products and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- People smoke for nicotine, but lose sexual and reproductive health for tar: a narrative review on the effect of cigarette smoking on male sexuality and reproduction.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Potential of Compounds Associated with Electronic Cigarettes: A Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2019Pooled it
- Nicotine-containing products and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms and global health implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- E‑Cigarettes Generate Gas Phase Ions.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Toxicity and Appeal of Flavoured E-Cigarettes and Flavour Ban Outcomes: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale): An effective remedy for electronic cigarettes nicotine toxicity on dorsal tongue filiform and fungiform papillae.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Tactile learning and memory deficits following cigarette and e-cigarette exposure: neural alterations in the barrel cortex and hippocampus.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the e-cigarette knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire among young students: a structural equation modeling approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Aggressive Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma in a Long-Term E-Cigarette User with Intracardiac Complications: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- A comparative toxicological evaluation of emerging nicotine analogs 6-methyl nicotine and nicotinamide: a scoping review.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- E-cigarette: a safe tool or a risk factor for oral cancer? A systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Review
- Multi-Omics Assessment of Puff Volume-Mediated Salivary Biomarkers of Metal Exposure and Oxidative Injury Associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Cigarettes and e-cigarettes use among US adults with multimorbidity.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- The case of young people who use e-cigarettes infrequently: Who is this population? What becomes of them?Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Through the Looking Glass: Revisiting Smoking and Health.NEJM evidence · 2024Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are devices designed to deliver nicotine in a vaping solution rather than smoke and without tobacco combustion. Perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigs are aggressively marketed as lifestyle-choice consumables, thanks to few restrictions and a lack of regulatory guidelines. E-cigs have also gained popularity among never-smokers and teenagers, becoming an emergent public health issue. Despite the burgeoning worldwide consumption of e-cigs, their safety remains largely unproven and it is unknown whether these devices cause in vivo toxicological effects that could contribute to cancer. Here we demonstrate the co-mutagenic and cancer-initiating effects of e-cig vapour in a rat lung model. We found that e-cigs have a powerful booster effect on phase-I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes, including activators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and increase oxygen free radical production and DNA oxidation to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, we found that e-cigs damage DNA not only at chromosomal level in peripheral blood, such as strand breaks in leucocytes and micronuclei formation in reticulocytes, but also at gene level such as point mutations in urine. Our results demonstrate that exposure to e-cigs could endanger human health, particularly among younger more vulnerable consumers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.