ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Energetic cost of building a virus.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04267809 (Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Prophylactic Approach Against Symptomatic Viral Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Prophylactic Approach Against Symptomatic Viral Infection
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Synergy and antagonism in a genome-scale model of metabolic hijacking by bacteriophages.Science advances · 2026Article
- Energetics and evolution: Response to Martin.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Bioenergetics · 2026Article
- Ribonucleotide reductases recapitulate biogeographic patterns within virioplankton according to ocean biogeochemistry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary bioenergetics of sporulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From CRISPR-Cas to Argonautes: Defense systems of bacteria and archaea in the hydrothermal deep subsurface.ISME communications · 2026Article
- The PA-X host shutoff site 100 V exerts a contrary effect on viral fitness of the highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza A virus in mice and chickens.Virulence · 2025Article
- Review
- Impact of Virus-Mediated Modifications in Bacterial Communities on the Accumulation of Soil Organic Carbon.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Atlas of Spleen Remodeling Reveals Macrophage Subset-Driven ASFV Pathogenesis.Biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Metabolic modeling elucidates phenformin and atpenin A5 as broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against RNA viruses.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Abundance measurements reveal the balance between lysis and lysogeny in the human gut microbiome.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Bioenergetics and the Evolution of Cellular Traits.Annual review of biophysics · 2025Review
- AMPK activation by hepatitis E virus infection inhibits viral replication through attenuation of autophagosomes and promotion of innate immunity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Synthetic cells for phage therapy: a perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Betulonic Acid Inhibits Type-2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Downregulating Cellular ATP Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Iron‑sulfur clusters in viral proteins: Exploring their elusive nature, roles and new avenues for targeting infections.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2024Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses are incapable of autonomous energy production. Although many experimental studies make it clear that viruses are parasitic entities that hijack the molecular resources of the host, a detailed estimate for the energetic cost of viral synthesis is largely lacking. To quantify the energetic cost of viruses to their hosts, we enumerated the costs associated with two very distinct but representative DNA and RNA viruses, namely, T4 and influenza. We found that, for these viruses, translation of viral proteins is the most energetically expensive process. Interestingly, the costs of building a T4 phage and a single influenza virus are nearly the same. Due to influenza's higher burst size, however, the overall cost of a T4 phage infection is only 2-3% of the cost of an influenza infection. The costs of these infections relative to their host's estimated energy budget during the infection reveal that a T4 infection consumes about a third of its host's energy budget, whereas an influenza infection consumes only ≈ 1%. Building on our estimates for T4, we show how the energetic costs of double-stranded DNA phages scale with the capsid size, revealing that the dominant cost of building a virus can switch from translation to genome replication above a critical size. Last, using our predictions for the energetic cost of viruses, we provide estimates for the strengths of selection and genetic drift acting on newly incorporated genetic elements in viral genomes, under conditions of energy limitation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.