Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28511125›Full record

ReviewClinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology2017

The many facets of motor learning and their relevance for Parkinson's disease.

Lucio Marinelli, Angelo Quartarone, Mark Hallett, Giuseppe Frazzitta, Maria Felice Ghilardi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Distinct forms of dopamine transmission control locomotion and learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lucio MarinelliDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Italy.
Angelo QuartaroneIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Italy; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Mark HallettHuman Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Giuseppe FrazzittaDepartment of Parkinson's Disease and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy.
Maria Felice GhilardiDepartment of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: lice.mg79@gmail.com.

Funding

Pathophysiology of Basal Ganglia DisordersZIANS003031 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI HALLETT, MARK · 2009 to 2023
$22.7M
Electron Microscopy Core CP01NS083514 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI TONONI, GIULIO · 2014 to 2018
$7.7M
Consolidation of Motor Skills & Sleep Homeostasis in Parkinson's DiseaseR01NS054864 · NINDS · CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK · PI GHILARDI, M. FELICE MARINA · 2007 to 2011
$1.8M
NINDS NIH HHS P01 NS083514NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS054864
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The final goal of motor learning, a complex process that includes both implicit and explicit (or declarative) components, is the optimization and automatization of motor skills. Motor learning involves different neural networks and neurotransmitters systems depending on the type of task and on the stage of learning. After the first phase of acquisition, a motor skill goes through consolidation (i.e., becoming resistant to interference) and retention, processes in which sleep and long-term potentiation seem to play important roles. The studies of motor learning in Parkinson's disease have yielded controversial results that likely stem from the use of different experimental paradigms. When a task's characteristics, instructions, context, learning phase and type of measures are taken into consideration, it is apparent that, in general, only learning that relies on attentional resources and cognitive strategies is affected by PD, in agreement with the finding of a fronto-striatal deficit in this disease. Levodopa administration does not seem to reverse the learning deficits in PD, while deep brain stimulation of either globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus appears to be beneficial. Finally and most importantly, patients with PD often show a decrease in retention of newly learned skill, a problem that is present even in the early stages of the disease. A thorough dissection and understanding of the processes involved in motor learning is warranted to provide solid bases for effective medical, surgical and rehabilitative approaches in PD.

Indexed as

ExerciseHumansLearningLevodopaMotor CortexMotor SkillsParkinson DiseaseLevodopaDeclarative learningDopamineExerciseImplicit learningLevodopaPlasticity

Identifiers

PMID28511125
PMCPMC5486221

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.