ArticleRapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM2017
Expanding analytical options in sports drug testing: Mass spectrometric detection of prohibited substances in exhaled breath.
Article in Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Resource landscape shapes the composition and stability of the human vaginal microbiota.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
- Does oral fluid contribute to exhaled breath samples collected by means of an electret membrane?Drug testing and analysis · 2019Article
- Detecting opioid metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).Journal of breath research · 2019Article
- Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols.Analytica chimica acta · 2018Review
- Expanding analytical options in sports drug testing: Mass spectrometric detection of prohibited substances in exhaled breath.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
rationaleContinuously refining and advancing the strategies and methods employed in sports drug testing is critical for efficient doping controls. Besides improving and expanding the spectrum of target analytes, alternative test matrices have warranted in-depth evaluation as they commonly allow for minimal-/non-invasive and non-intrusive sample collection. In this study, the potential of exhaled breath (EB) as doping control specimen was assessed.
methodsEB collection devices employing a non-woven electret-based air filter unit were used to generate test specimens, simulating a potential future application in doping controls. A multi-analyte sports drug testing approach configured for a subset of 12 model compounds that represent specific classes of substances prohibited in sports (anabolic agents, hormone and metabolic modulators, stimulants, and beta-blockers) was established using unispray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and applied to spiked and elimination study EB samples. The test method was characterized concerning specificity, assay imprecision, and limits of detection.
resultsThe EB collection device allowed for retaining and extracting all selected model compounds from the EB aerosol. Following elution and concentration, LC/MS/MS analysis enabled detection limits between 5 and 100 pg/filter and imprecisions ranging from 3% to 20% for the 12 selected model compounds. By means of EB samples from patients and participants of administration studies, the elimination of relevant compounds and, thus, their traceability in EB for doping control purposes, was investigated. Besides stimulants such as methylhexaneamine and pseudoephedrine, also the anabolic-androgenic steroid dehydrochloromethyltestosterone, the metabolic modulator meldonium, and the beta-blocker bisoprolol was detected in exhaled breath.
conclusionsThe EB aerosol has provided a promising proof-of-concept suggesting the expansion of this testing strategy as a complement to currently utilized sports drug testing programs.
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