ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2017
Influence of environmental temperature on risk of gestational diabetes.
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of heat exposure impacts on maternal, fetal and neonatal health.Nature medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comparing the screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between seasonal variation and gestational diabetes mellitus.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Climate factors and gestational diabetes mellitus risk - a systematic review.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Global Warming and Type 2 Diabetes: Sex and Gender as Drivers in a Multidimensional Feedback Loop.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2026Article
- Universal Thermal Climate Index and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk: Effect Modification by Green Space in a Chinese Prospective Cohort.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: the role of ethnicity and geography in risk and outcomes.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Assessment of Environmental Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Ten-Year Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Scoping review of climate drivers on maternal health: current evidence and clinical implications.AJOG global reports · 2025Review
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- Endocrine effects of heat exposure and relevance to climate change.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
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- Article
- Burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Climate Changes and COVID-19.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Study protocol for an observational cohort study of heat stress impacts in pregnancy in The Gambia, West Africa.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Cold Exposure Alleviates T2DM Through Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Seasonal variation and its interaction with pre-pregnancy BMI for GDM: a large population-based study in Tianjin, China.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
- Seasonal Pattern in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Poland: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Biology · 2023Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Extreme Temperature, Microclimate Indicators, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Living in Southern California.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCold-induced thermogenesis is known to improve insulin sensitivity, which may become increasingly relevant in the face of global warming. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between outdoor air temperature and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.
methodsWe identified all births in the Greater Toronto Area from 2002 to 2014 using administrative health databases. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relation between the mean 30-day outdoor air temperature before the time of gestational diabetes mellitus screening and the likelihood of diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus based on a validated algorithm using hospital records and physician service claims.
resultsOver the 12-year period, there were 555 911 births among 396 828 women. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 4.6% among women exposed to extremely cold mean outdoor air temperatures (≤ -10°C) in the 30-day period before screening and increased to 7.7% among those exposed to hot mean 30-day temperatures (≥ 24°C). Each 10°C increase in mean 30-day temperature was associated with a 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.07) times higher odds of gestational diabetes mellitus, after adjusting for maternal age, parity, neighbourhood income quintile, world region and year. A similar effect was seen for each 10°C rise in outdoor air temperature difference between 2 consecutive pregnancies for the same woman (adjusted odds ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.08).
interpretationIn our setting, there was a direct relation between outdoor air temperature and the likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus. Future climate patterns may substantially affect global variations in the prevalence of diabetes, which also has important implications for the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.
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