ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2017
Nivolumab for patients with recurrent glioblastoma progressing on bevacizumab: a retrospective case series.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in treatment of glioma: a single-arm meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The Application of PD-1 Inhibitors in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- The discovery of Bevacizumab. An historical reappraisal.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Sequential immunotherapy and bevacizumab treatments in glioblastoma multiforme: A case series and review of the literature.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Immune Cell Interplay in the Fight Against GBM.Cancers · 2025Review
- Tumor perfusion enhancement by focus ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening to potentiate anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of glioma.Translational oncology · 2024Article
- Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Kunitz-type protease inhibitor TFPI2 remodels stemness and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Using EGFR amplification to stratify recurrent glioblastoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Combination of DNA Vaccine and Immune Checkpoint Blockades Improves the Immune Response in an Orthotopic Unresectable Glioblastoma Model.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- PD-L1 tumor expression is associated with poor prognosis and systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Glioblastoma: Pitfalls and Opportunities of Immunotherapeutic Combinations.OncoTargets and therapy · 2022Review
- SYK Is Associated With Malignant Phenotype and Immune Checkpoints in Diffuse Glioma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
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- CD137 and PD-L1 targeting with immunovirotherapy induces a potent and durable antitumor immune response in glioblastoma models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A single institution retrospective evaluation of nivolumab following disease progression on bevacizumab in adults with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) with an objective of determining progression free survival (PFS). There is no accepted therapy for recurrent GBM after failure of bevacizumab. 16 adults, ages 52-72 years (median 62), with recurrent GBM were treated. All patients had previously been treated with surgery, concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide, and post-radiotherapy temozolomide. Bevacizumab (with or without lomustine) was administered to all patients at first recurrence. Patients were treated with nivolumab only (3 mg/kg) once every 2 weeks at second recurrence. One cycle of nivolumab was defined as 2 treatments. Neurological evaluation was performed bi-weekly and neuroradiographic assessment every 4 weeks. A total of 37 treatment cycles (median 2) were administered of nivolumab in which there were 14 Grade 2 adverse events (AEs) and Grade 3 AEs in two patients. No Grade 4 or 5 AEs were seen. Following 1 month of nivolumab, seven patients demonstrated progressive disease and discontinued therapy. No patient demonstrated a response though nine patients demonstrated neuroradiographic stable response. Survival in the entire cohort ranged from 2 to 6 months with a median of 3.5 months (CI 2.8, 4.2). Median and 6-month PFS at 6 months was 2.0 months (range 1-5 months; CI 1.3, 2.7) and 0% respectively. Nivolumab salvage therapy demonstrated no survival advantage in patients with recurrent bevacizumab refractory GBM emphasizing a continued unmet need in neuro-oncology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.