ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2017
HIV Antibody Level as a Marker of HIV Persistence and Low-Level Viral Replication.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Identification of antibody targets associated with lower HIV viral load and viremic control.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Quantitative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Antibodies Correlate With Plasma HIV-1 RNA and Cell-associated DNA Levels in Children on Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Understanding indeterminate HIV serology through antigen-band pattern analysis of INNO-LIA and recomLine HIV confirmatory assays.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterization of HIV humoral immunity during analytical treatment interruption.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- HIV serologic reactivity varies with time of ART initiation in persons on long-term ART.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- High HIV-1 viremia and low anti-Env antibody responses are associated with delayed treatment response to fostemsavir in highly treatment-experienced individuals.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute infection in women with HIV-1 clade C reduces anti-Tat antibody production and lowers CD8+ T cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Potential for high dynamic range Sedia Limiting Antigen antibody assay to support viral load monitoring during antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2024Article
- Dynamics and durability of HIV-1 neutralization are determined by viral replication.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Viral and Host Biomarkers of HIV Remission Post Treatment Interruption.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Helios expressing regulatory T cells are correlated with decreased IL-2 producing CD8 T cells and antibody diversity in Mozambican individuals living chronically with HIV-1.BMC immunology · 2022Article
- Anti-HIV antibodies are representative of the latent reservoir but do not correlate with viral control in people with long-lasting virological suppression undergoing analytical treatment interruption (APACHE study).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Production of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies mediating innate immune functions depends on cognate IL-21- secreting CD4+ T cells.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Article
- Characterizing the Relationship Between Neutralization Sensitivity andFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- AFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Are HIV-1-Specific Antibody Levels Potentially Useful Laboratory Markers to Estimate HIV Reservoir Size? A Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies are generated and maintained by ongoing systemic expression of HIV antigen. We investigated whether HIV antibody responses as measured by high-throughput quantitative and qualitative assays could be used to indirectly measure persistent HIV replication in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: HIV antibody responses were measured over time in the presence or absence of suppressive ART and were compared to the HIV reservoir size and expression of antiviral restriction factors. Results: Among untreated individuals, including both elite controllers (ie, persons with a viral load of ≤40 copies/mL) and noncontrollers, antibody parameters were stable over time and correlated with the individual viral load. Viral suppression with ART led to a progressive decline in antibody responses after treatment induction that persisted for 5-7 years. Higher levels of HIV antibodies during suppressive therapy were associated with later initiation of ART after infection, with higher DNA and cell-associated RNA levels, and with lower expression of multiple anti-HIV host restriction factors. Discussion: These findings suggest that declining antibody levels during ART reflect lower levels of antigen production and/or viral replication in the persistent HIV reservoir. Results of relatively inexpensive and quantitative HIV antibody assays may be useful indirect markers that enable efficient monitoring of the viral reservoir and suppression during functional-cure interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.