ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2017
Acute Illness Among Surfers After Exposure to Seawater in Dry- and Wet-Weather Conditions.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- External auditory exostosis among surfers: a comprehensive and systematic review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Understanding the Impact of Rainfall on Diarrhea: Testing the Concentration-Dilution Hypothesis Using a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluating health risks associated with exposure to ambient surface waters during recreational activities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Water research · 2020Pooled it
- Is it safe to go back into the water? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of acquiring infections from recreational exposure to seawater.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- Acute gastrointestinal illness burden associated with water recreation in high-income countries: A scoping review.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Research gaps and priorities for quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA).Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2024Article
- Water, sanitation, and hygiene access among people who inject drugs in Tijuana and San Diego in 2020-2021: a cross-sectional study.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Bacterial and Chemical Evidence of Coastal Water Pollution from the Tijuana River in Sea Spray Aerosol.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- High-frequency fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) observations to assess water quality drivers at an enclosed beach.PloS one · 2023Article
- Integrating microbial source tracking with quantitative microbial risk assessment to evaluate site specific risk based thresholds at two South Florida beaches.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Enterococcus exceedances related to environmental variability at New Jersey ocean beaches.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2022Article
- Relationships between Recreation and Pollution When Striving for Wellbeing in Blue Spaces.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Turbidity and fecal indicator bacteria in recreational marine waters increase following the 2018 Woolsey Fire.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Biodigester Cookstove Interventions and Child Diarrhea in Semirural Nepal: A Causal Analysis of Daily Observations.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Observational
- Impact of ear protection on occurrence of exostosis in surfers: an observational prospective study of 242 ears.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2021Observational
- Article
- An Assessment of Ambient Water Quality and Challenges with Access to Water and Sanitation Services for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Riverine Encampments.Environmental engineering science · 2021Article
- Identifying Sources of Faecal Contamination in a Small Urban Stream Catchment: A Multiparametric Approach.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Human Health and Ocean Pollution.Annals of global health · 2020Review
- Contamination Scenario Matters when Using Viral and Bacterial Human-Associated Genetic Markers as Indicators of a Health Risk in Untreated Sewage-Impacted Recreational Waters.Environmental science & technology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rainstorms increase levels of fecal indicator bacteria in urban coastal waters, but it is unknown whether exposure to seawater after rainstorms increases rates of acute illness. Our objective was to provide the first estimates of rates of acute illness after seawater exposure during both dry- and wet-weather periods and to determine the relationship between levels of indicator bacteria and illness among surfers, a population with a high potential for exposure after rain. We enrolled 654 surfers in San Diego, California, and followed them longitudinally during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 winters (33,377 days of observation, 10,081 surf sessions). We measured daily surf activities and illness symptoms (gastrointestinal illness, sinus infections, ear infections, infected wounds). Compared with no exposure, exposure to seawater during dry weather increased incidence rates of all outcomes (e.g., for earache or infection, adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 2.71; for infected wounds, IRR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.98); exposure during wet weather further increased rates (e.g., for earache or infection, IRR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.95, 5.51; for infected wounds, IRR = 4.96, 95% CI: 2.18, 11.29). Fecal indicator bacteria measured in seawater (Enterococcus species, fecal coliforms, total coliforms) were strongly associated with incident illness only during wet weather. Urban coastal seawater exposure increases the incidence rates of many acute illnesses among surfers, with higher incidence rates after rainstorms.
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