ArticleWorld psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)2017
Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly-gene-environmental causation of mental illness.
Article in World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gut Microbiota in Schizophrenia: Taxonomic Shifts, Beta- Diversity Alterations, and Biomarker Potential: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Role of Imaging Genetics in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Current Update.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Pooled it
- Compositional and Functional Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Psychosis or Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Epigenetic signatures relating to disease-associated genotypic burden in familial risk of bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Global population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders: a meta-umbrella systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Preventive Treatments for Psychosis: Umbrella Review (Just the Evidence).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- GymBuddy and Elomia, AI-integrated applications, effects on the mental health of the students with psychological disorders.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- The role of social support in transdiagnostic symptom networks in affective and psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium longum KABP-042 and Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum KABP-051 Prevent Scopolamine-Induced BDNF Reduction and Memory Impairment in Mice.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- It's not just what you have, but when: The role and timing of developmental assets in the mental health of young adults.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Psychosis Polyrisk Score and Polygenic Risk Score to Improve Detection and Prognosis in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Model Development and Internal Validation.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- DNA methylation as proxy of genetic, prenatal and perinatal psychiatric risk factors.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Psychotic Experiences in Preadolescent Children with Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Polygenic scores in psychiatric research and clinical practice.Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2026Article
- Blood ATX(N) Biomarkers and Cognitive Dysfunction in Severe Mental Illnesses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Plasma metabolomics and red blood cell fatty acid profiles in adolescent mental health.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Traces of Parenthood but Not Pregnancy Loss in UK Biobank Structural Brain MRI Data.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Impaired Contour Object Perception in Psychosis.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Prevalence and patterns of sleep disturbances in pediatric psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part I: rationale, shared risk factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intriguing findings on genetic and environmental causation suggest a need to reframe the etiology of mental disorders. Molecular genetics shows that thousands of common and rare genetic variants contribute to mental illness. Epidemiological studies have identified dozens of environmental exposures that are associated with psychopathology. The effect of environment is likely conditional on genetic factors, resulting in gene-environment interactions. The impact of environmental factors also depends on previous exposures, resulting in environment-environment interactions. Most known genetic and environmental factors are shared across multiple mental disorders. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, in particular, are closely causally linked. Synthesis of findings from twin studies, molecular genetics and epidemiological research suggests that joint consideration of multiple genetic and environmental factors has much greater explanatory power than separate studies of genetic or environmental causation. Multi-factorial gene-environment interactions are likely to be a generic mechanism involved in the majority of cases of mental illness, which is only partially tapped by existing gene-environment studies. Future research may cut across psychiatric disorders and address poly-causation by considering multiple genetic and environmental measures across the life course with a specific focus on the first two decades of life. Integrative analyses of poly-causation including gene-environment and environment-environment interactions can realize the potential for discovering causal types and mechanisms that are likely to generate new preventive and therapeutic tools.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.