ReviewNutrients2017
Nutrients Turned into Toxins: Microbiota Modulation of Nutrient Properties in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Review in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The gut microbiota profile of adults with kidney disease and kidney stones: a systematic review of the literature.BMC nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Propolis Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Profiles of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.Toxins · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Colonic dialysis can influence gut flora to protect renal function in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- l-Carnitine Supplementation in Older Women. A Pilot Study on Aging Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Gut microbiota modulation in GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i therapy: clinical implications and mechanistic insights in type 2 diabetes.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Gut dysbiosis and brain microhemorrhages in young vs. aged mice with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Loop diuretics in anuric hemodialysis patients for the clearance of protein-bound uremic toxins.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Nephropathies: Exploring the Gut-Kidney Axis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Association between pro-vegetarian dietary pattern and the risk of protein-energy wasting and sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Metabolomic and Physiological Effects of a Cardiorenal Protective Diet Intervention in African American Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Displacing the Burden: A Review of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Clearance Strategies in Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a defining characteristic of the α-Gal A (-/0) mouse model of Fabry disease.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- Clinical Perspectives of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease: Where Do We Stand?Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Saikosaponin A protects against uremic toxin indole‑3 acetic acid‑induced damage to the myocardium.Molecular medicine reports · 2023Article
- A pilot study of alterations of the gut microbiome in canine chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Decreasing microbiota-derived uremic toxins to improve CKD outcomes.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Review
- Probiotics for kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Article
- Tissue Factor, Thrombosis, and Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), accumulation of uremic toxins is associated with an increased risk of death. Some uremic toxins are ingested with the diet, such as phosphate and star fruit-derived caramboxin. Others result from nutrient processing by gut microbiota, yielding precursors of uremic toxins or uremic toxins themselves. These nutrients include l-carnitine, choline/phosphatidylcholine, tryptophan and tyrosine, which are also sold over-the-counter as nutritional supplements. Physicians and patients alike should be aware that, in CKD patients, the use of these supplements may lead to potentially toxic effects. Unfortunately, most patients with CKD are not aware of their condition. Some of the dietary components may modify the gut microbiota, increasing the number of bacteria that process them to yield uremic toxins, such as trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3 acetic acid. Circulating levels of nutrient-derived uremic toxins are associated to increased risk of death and cardiovascular disease and there is evidence that this association may be causal. Future developments may include maneuvers to modify gut processing or absorption of these nutrients or derivatives to improve CKD patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.