Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28497286›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017

The Influence of Drinking Fluid on Endurance Cycling Performance: A Meta-Analysis.

Justin J Holland, Tina L Skinner, Christopher G Irwin, Michael D Leveritt, Eric D B Goulet

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Marathon Runners.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The Effects of Dehydration on Metabolic and Neuromuscular Functionality During Cycling.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Justin J HollandSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. Justin.holland@qut.edu.au.
Tina L SkinnerSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Christopher G IrwinSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Michael D LeverittSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Eric D B GouletFaculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFluid replacement during cycling exercise evolves on a spectrum from simply drinking to thirst to planned structured intake, with both being appropriate recommendations. However, with mixed findings suggesting fluid intake may or may not improve endurance cycling performance (ECP) in a diverse range of trained individuals, there is a clear need for summarised evidence regarding the effect of fluid consumption on ECP.

objectives(1) Determine the magnitude of the effect of drinking fluid on performance during cycling exercise tasks of various durations, compared with no drinking; (2) examine the relationship between rates of fluid intake and ECP; and (3) establish fluid intake recommendations based on the observations between rates of fluid intake and ECP. STUDY

designMeta-analysis.

methodsStudies were located via database searches and cross-referencing. Performance outcomes were converted to a similar metric to represent percentage change in power output. Fixed- and random-effects weighted mean effect summaries and meta-regression analyses were used to identify the impact of drinking fluid on ECP.

resultsA limited number of research manuscripts (n = 9) met the inclusion criteria, producing 15 effect estimates. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated that the impact of drinking on ECP under 20-33 °C ambient temperatures was duration-dependent. Fluid consumption of, on average, 0.29 mL/kg body mass/min impaired 1 h high-intensity (80% peak oxygen uptake [[Formula: see text]o

conclusionsA rate of fluid consumption of between 0.15 and 0.34 mL/kg body mass/min during high-intensity 1 h cycling exercise is associated with reductions in ECP. When cycling at moderate intensity for >1 to ≤2 h, cyclists should expect a gain in performance of at least 2% if fluid is consumed at a rate of 0.15-0.20 mL/kg body mass/min. For cycling exercise >2 h conducted at moderate intensity, consuming fluid ad libitum or at a rate of 0.14-0.27 mL/kg body mass/min should improve performance by at least 3%. Until further research is conducted, these recommendations should be used as a guide to inform hydration practices.

Indexed as

ThirstAdolescentAdultAthletic PerformanceBicyclingDrinkingEnergy MetabolismExerciseFemaleHumansMaleNutritional StatusPhysical EndurancePhysical ExertionCycling ExerciseCycling PerformanceExercise DurationExercise ProtocolFluid Intake

Identifiers

PMID28497286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.