ArticleOncoTargets and therapy2017
Immunogenicity of oncolytic vaccinia viruses JX-GFP and TG6002 in a human melanoma in vitro model: studying immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell maturation and interaction with cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Article in OncoTargets and therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenic Cell Death: Unlocking New Frontiers in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Cracking the shield: oncolytic viruses versus the tumor-immune fortress.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- A Phase I Clinical Trial of Intrahepatic Artery Delivery of TG6002 in Combination with Oral 5-Fluorocytosine in Patients with Liver-Dominant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- A Minireview on Nanosized Hypericin-Based Inducer of Immune Cell Death Under ROS-Based Therapies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- TG6002 oncolytic vaccinia virus and chemotherapy synergy: a promising strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- A new MVA ancestor-derived oncolytic vaccinia virus induces immunogenic tumor cell death and robust antitumor immune responses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Priming stroma with a vitamin D analog to optimize viroimmunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- In vitro Characterization of Enhanced Human Immune Responses by GM-CSF Encoding HSV-1-Induced Melanoma Cells.OncoTargets and therapy · 2022Article
- Virotherapy in Germany-Recent Activities in Virus Engineering, Preclinical Development, and Clinical Studies.Viruses · 2021Review
- Restoring the Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Immunogenic Cell Death in Onco-Therapies.Cancers · 2021Review
- Oncolytic Viruses in Combination Therapeutic Approaches with Epigenetic Modulators: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2021Review
- High Oncolytic Activity of a Double-Deleted Vaccinia Virus Copenhagen Strain against Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- A chimeric poxvirus with J2R (thymidine kinase) deletion shows safety and anti-tumor activity in lung cancer models.Cancer gene therapy · 2020Article
- Targeting STAT3 enhances NDV-induced immunogenic cell death in prostate cancer cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- The Enhanced Tumor Specificity of TG6002, an Armed Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Deleted in Two Genes Involved in Nucleotide Metabolism.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2019Article
- A Novel Chimeric Poxvirus Encoding hNIS Is Tumor-Tropic, Imageable, and Synergistic with Radioiodine to Sustain Colon Cancer Regression.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2019Article
- By Binding CD80 and CD86, the Vaccinia Virus M2 Protein Blocks Their Interactions with both CD28 and CTLA4 and Potentiates CD80 Binding to PD-L1.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Rational Combination of Parvovirus H1 With CTLA-4 and PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors Dampens the Tumor Induced Immune Silencing.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Oncolytic properties of non-vaccinia poxviruses.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Treatment with mRNA coding for the necroptosis mediator MLKL induces antitumor immunity directed against neo-epitopes.Nature communications · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Oncolytic viruses with genetic modifications can further enhance the oncolytic effects on tumor cells and stimulate antitumor immunity. The oncolytic vaccinia viruses JX-594-GFP+/hGM-CSF (JX-GFP) and TG6002 are genetically modified by secreting granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or transforming 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We compared their properties to kill tumor cells and induce an immunogenic type of cell death in a human melanoma cell model using SK29-MEL melanoma cells. Their influence on human immune cells, specifically regarding the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the interaction with the autologous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone, was investigated. Melanoma cells were infected with either JX-GFP or TG6002 alone or in combination with 5-FC and 5-FU. The influence of viral infection on cell viability followed a time- and multiplicity of infection dependent manner. Combination of virus treatment with 5-FU resulted in stronger reduction of cell viability. TG6002 in combination with 5-FC did not significantly strengthen the reduction of cell viability in this setting. Expression of calreticulin and high mobility group 1 protein (HMGB1), markers of immunogenic cell death (ICD), could be detected after viral infection. Accordingly, DC maturation was noted after viral oncolysis. DCs presented stronger expression of activation and maturation markers. The autologous CTL clone IVSB expressed the activation marker CD69, but viral treatment failed to enhance cytotoxicity marker. In summary, vaccinia viruses JX-GFP and TG6002 lyse melanoma cells and induce additional immunostimulatory effects to promote antitumor immune response. Further investigation in vivo is needed to consolidate the data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.