ArticlePloS one2017
Partial spleen embolization reduces the risk of portal hypertension-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients not eligible for TIPS implantation.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Splenic artery embolization for variceal bleeding in portal hypertension: a systematic review and metanalysis.Emergency radiology · 2025Pooled it
- Management Strategies for Refractory Esophageal Varices.DEN open · 2026Review
- Splenic Artery Embolization, A Therapy that Can be Life-Saving for Small Bowel Variceal Bleeding.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2026Article
- [Position paper for the standardized use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in adults].Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie · 2025Article
- Partial splenic embolization as a rescue and emergency treatment for portal hypertension and gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- The Impact of Partial Splenic Embolization on Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Progress in Endoscopic and Interventional Treatment of Esophagogastric Variceal Bleeding.Disease markers · 2022Review
- Proximal Splenic Artery Embolization to Treat Refractory Ascites in a Patient With Cirrhosis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Article
- Short-term Effects of Hepatic Arterial Buffer Responses Induced by Partial Splenic Embolization on the Hepatic Function of Patients with Cirrhosis According to the Child-Pugh Classification.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Article
- Splenic non-infarction volume determines a clinically significant hepatic venous pressure gradient response to partial splenic embolization in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism.Journal of gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Small-diameter TIPS combined with splenic artery embolization in the management of refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2021Article
- Observation of immediate and mid-term effects of partial spleen embolization in reducing hepatic venous pressure gradient.Medicine · 2019Article
- Comparison of TIPS alone and combined with partial splenic embolization (PSE) for the management of variceal bleeding.European radiology · 2019Article
- Clinical Feasibility of Large Gastrotomy Closure Using a Flexible Tissue Glue Based on N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate: Experimental Study in Pigs.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2019Article
- Splenic Artery Proximal Embolization after Ectopic Variceal Bleeding: A Case Report on Portal Hypertension Management.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a severe and life-threatening complication among patients with portal hypertension (PH). Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the treatment of choice for patients with refractory or recurrent UGIB despite pharmacological and endoscopic therapy. In some patients, TIPS implantation is not possible due to co-morbidity or vascular disorders. Spleen embolization (SE) may be a promising alternative in this setting. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 9 patients with PH-induced UGIB who underwent partial SE between 2012 and 2016. All patients met the following criteria: (i) upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with primary or secondary failure of endoscopic interventions and (ii) TIPS implantation not possible. Each patient was followed for at least 6 months after embolization.
resultsFive patients (56%) suffered from cirrhotic PH, 4 patients (44%) from non-cirrhotic PH. UGIB occured in terms of refractory hemorrhage from gastric varices (3/9; 33%), hemorrhage from esophageal varices (3/9; 33%), and finally, hemorrhage from portal-hypertensive gastropathy (3/9; 33%). None of the patients treated with partial SE experienced re-bleeding episodes or required blood transfusions during a total follow-up time of 159 months, including both patients with cirrhotic- and non-cirrhotic PH. DISCUSSION: Partial SE, as a minimally invasive intervention with low procedure-associated complications, may be a valuable alternative for patients with recurrent PH-induced UGIB refractory to standard therapy.
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