ArticlePsychotherapy and psychosomatics2017
Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Sustain Antidepressant Effects of Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Article in Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.Psychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping cognitive-behavioral approach in psychedelic-assisted treatment: a systematic review across phases with classic and non-classic psychedelics.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Neurocognitive Effects of Subanesthetic Doses of Intravenous Ketamine in Major Depressive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Healthy Population.Clinical drug investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy-A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of ketamine for major depressive episodes at 2, 4, and 6-weeks post-treatment: A meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Strategies to Prolong Ketamine's Efficacy in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression.Advances in therapy · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of a Single Dose of Intravenous Ketamine on Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Psilocybin-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: A pilot trial.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Change in Negative Affective Bias following a Single Ketamine Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Depression.Depression and anxiety · 2023Trial
- Racemic Ketamine as an Alternative to Electroconvulsive Therapy for Unipolar Depression: A Randomized, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority Trial (KetECT).The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Acute and Longer-Term Outcomes Using Ketamine as a Clinical Treatment at the Yale Psychiatric Hospital.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2018Trial
- A scoping review: ketamine or esketamine when used to assist psychotherapy or in combination with psychotherapy for the management of depression in adults.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Pilot study on esketamine response in treatment-resistant depression: impact of pharmacogenetic, clinical, and demographic variables.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Effects of Psychotherapy on Single and Repeated Ketamine Infusion(s) Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: The Convergence of Molecular and Psychological Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ketamine-assisted group psychotherapy integrating cognitive processing therapy to address identity-based trauma: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Personalized use of ketamine and esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries.Nature medicine · 2024Observational
- The why, when, where, how, and so what of so-called rapidly acting antidepressants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Ketamine for Major Depressive Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- Psilocybin-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Rationale and Treatment Development.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionKetamine has shown rapid though short-lived antidepressant effects. The possibility of concerning neurobiological changes following repeated exposure to the drug motivates the development of strategies that obviate or minimize the need for longer-term treatment with ketamine. In this open-label trial, we investigated whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can sustain or extend ketamine's antidepressant effects.
methodsPatients who were pursuing ketamine infusion therapy for treatment-resistant depression were invited to participate in the study. If enrolled, the subjects initiated a 12-session, 10-week course of CBT concurrently with a short 4-treatment, 2-week course of intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg infused over 40 min) provided under a standardized clinical protocol.
resultsSixteen participants initiated the protocol, with 8 (50%) attaining a response to the ketamine and 7 (43.8%) achieving remission during the first 2 weeks of protocol. Among ketamine responders, the relapse rate at the end of the CBT course (8 weeks following the last ketamine exposure) was 25% (2/8). On longer-term follow-up, 5 of 8 subjects eventually relapsed, the median time to relapse being 12 weeks following ketamine exposure. Among ketamine remitters, 3 of 7 retained remission until at least 4 weeks following the last ketamine exposure, with 2 retaining remission through 8 weeks following ketamine exposure. Ketamine nonresponders did not appear to benefit from CBT.
conclusionsCBT may sustain the antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Well-powered randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate this treatment combination as a way to sustain ketamine's antidepressant effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.