ArticlePloS one2017
Sexual dimorphism in African elephant social rumbles.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone-conduction hearing in elephants and humans: a middle-ear comparative study.Frontiers in audiology and otology · 2026Article
- African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Multimodal communication and audience directedness in the greeting behaviour of semi-captive African savannah elephants.Communications biology · 2024Article
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- Article
- Sound Visualization Demonstrates Velopharyngeal Coupling and Complex Spectral Variability in Asian Elephants.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Operant control and call usage learning in African elephants.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- A novel theory of Asian elephant high-frequency squeak production.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).PloS one · 2021Article
- Article
- Proximity-based vocal networks reveal social relationships in the Southern white rhinoceros.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Extracting physiological information in experimental biology via Eulerian video magnification.BMC biology · 2019Article
- Field Propagation Experiments of Male African Savanna Elephant Rumbles: A Focus on the Transmission of Formant Frequencies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2018Article
- To grunt or not to grunt: Factors governing call production in female olive baboons, Papio anubis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Sex differences in vocal communication of freely interacting adult mice depend upon behavioral context.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study used the source and filter theory approach to analyse sex differences in the acoustic features of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) low-frequency rumbles produced in social contexts ('social rumbles'). Permuted discriminant function analysis revealed that rumbles contain sufficient acoustic information to predict the sex of a vocalizing individual. Features primarily related to the vocalizer's size, i.e. fundamental frequency variables and vocal tract resonant frequencies, differed significantly between the sexes. Yet, controlling for age and size effects, our results indicate that the pronounced sexual size dimorphism in African elephants is partly, but not exclusively, responsible for sexual differences in social rumbles. This provides a scientific foundation for future work investigating the perceptual and functional relevance of specific acoustic characteristics in African elephant vocal sexual communication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.