ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2017
Prolonged Survival Following Pig-to-Primate Liver Xenotransplantation Utilizing Exogenous Coagulation Factors and Costimulation Blockade.
Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Comparative Outcomes Analysis of NHP Liver Allotransplants and Xenotransplants.XenotransplantationPooled it
- Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal multiomics profiling of extracorporeal cross-circulation with pig liver xenografts in human decedents.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Graft-derived VWF drives platelet activation and thrombocytopenia during porcine liver xenotransplantation to brain-dead human recipients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Liver Xenotransplantation: From Early Primate Trials to the First-in-Human Porcine Bridging Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Extracorporeal liver cross-circulation using transgenic xenogeneic pig livers with brain-dead human decedents.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Cryopreservation Strategies to Improve Access to Organ Transplantation.Transplantation · 2026Review
- Challenges and perspectives in xenoliver research: lessons from decedent and primate models.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing medicine: Exploring the breakthroughs in liver xenotransplantation.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Promise and pitfalls of liver xenotransplantation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Allogeneic Liver Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates: Surgical Technique With Stable Postoperative Outcomes.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Article
- [Research and application progress for liver xenotransplantation].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Addressing glycan and hematological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate liver xenotransplantation: challenges and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Future of Pig Liver Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- OMIP-108: 22-color flow cytometry panel for detection and monitoring of chimerism and immune reconstitution in porcine-to-baboon models of operational xenotransplant tolerance studies.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2024Article
- Genetic engineering drives the breakthrough of pig models in liver disease research.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Narrative Review of the Safety of Using Pigs for Xenotransplantation: Characteristics and Diagnostic Methods of Vertical Transmissible Viruses.Biomedicines · 2024Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since the first attempt of pig-to-primate liver xenotransplantation (LXT) in 1968, survival has been limited. We evaluated a model utilizing α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout donors, continuous posttransplant infusion of human prothrombin concentrate complex, and immunosuppression including anti-thymocyte globulin, FK-506, methylprednisone, and costimulation blockade (belatacept, n = 3 or anti-CD40 mAb, n = 1) to extend survival. Baboon 1 remained well until postoperative day (POD) 25, when euthanasia was required because of cholestasis and plantar ulcers. Baboon 2 was euthanized following a seizure on POD 5, despite normal liver function tests (LFTs) and no apparent pathology. Baboon 3 demonstrated initial stable liver function but was euthanized on POD 8 because of worsening LFTs. Pathology revealed C4d positivity, extensive hemorrhagic necrosis, and a focal cytomegalovirus inclusion. Baboon 4 was clinically well with stable LFTs until POD29, when euthanasia was again necessitated by plantar ulcerations and rising LFTs. Final pathology was C4d negative and without evidence of rejection, inflammation, or thrombotic microangiopathy. Thus, nearly 1-mo rejection-free survival has been achieved following LXT in two of four consecutive recipients, demonstrating that the porcine liver can support life in primates for several weeks and has encouraging potential for clinical application as a bridge to allotransplantation for patients with acute-on-chronic or fulminant hepatic failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.