ReviewProtein & cell2017
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified natural killer cell-based immunotherapy and immunological synapse formation in cancer and HIV.
Review in Protein & cell, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- CD147-CAR-NK cell therapy shows minimal toxicities in human CD147 transgenic mouse model with solid tumors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Deep Thought on the HIV Cured Cases: Where Have We Been and What Lies Ahead?Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Single-chain variable fragment affinity tuning can optimize anti-AML CAR-NK cell functionality.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- LLT1 overexpression renders allogeneic-NK resistance and facilitates the generation of enhanced universal CAR-T cells.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Review
- Scalable process development of NK and CAR-NK expansion in a closed bioreactor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells: a promising sword against insidious tumor cells.Human cell · 2023Review
- CD38-Specific CAR Integrated into CD38 Locus Driven by Different Promoters Causes Distinct Antitumor Activities of T and NK Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Innovative Strategies of Reprogramming Immune System Cells by Targeting CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome-Editing Tools: A New Era of Cancer Management.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Gene-Based Natural Killer Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies.Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2022Review
- In vitro machine learning-based CAR T immunological synapse quality measurements correlate with patient clinical outcomes.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Immunotherapy and CRISPR Cas Systems: Potential Cure of COVID-19?Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
- NK cell upraise in the dark world of cancer stem cells.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Stem cells-derived natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: current protocols, feasibility, and benefits of ex vivo generated natural killer cells in treatment of advanced solid tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Review
- CAR-NK cells from engineered pluripotent stem cells: Off-the-shelf therapeutics for all patients.Stem cells translational medicine · 2021Article
- Renaissance of armored immune effector cells, CAR-NK cells, brings the higher hope for successful cancer therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Review
- Preclinical Evaluation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Modified with CD38 or BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Exploiting the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system for human cancers and immunotherapy.Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Review
- CAR-NK Cells Effectively Target SARS-CoV-2-Spike-Expressing Cell LinesFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the body's immune defenses. Current chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell immunotherapy shows strong promise for treating various cancers and infectious diseases. Although CAR-modified NK cell immunotherapy is rapidly gaining attention, its clinical applications are mainly focused on preclinical investigations using the NK92 cell line. Despite recent advances in CAR-modified T cell immunotherapy, cost and severe toxicity have hindered its widespread use. To alleviate these disadvantages of CAR-modified T cell immunotherapy, additional cytotoxic cell-mediated immunotherapies are urgently needed. The unique biology of NK cells allows them to serve as a safe, effective, alternative immunotherapeutic strategy to CAR-modified T cells in the clinic. While the fundamental mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity and side effects of CAR-modified T and NK cell immunotherapies remain poorly understood, the formation of the immunological synapse (IS) between CAR-modified T or NK cells and their susceptible target cells is known to be essential. The role of the IS in CAR T and NK cell immunotherapies will allow scientists to harness the power of CAR-modified T and NK cells to treat cancer and infectious diseases. In this review, we highlight the potential applications of CAR-modified NK cells to treat cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and discuss the challenges and possible future directions of CAR-modified NK cell immunotherapy, as well as the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms of CAR-modified T cell- or NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and side effects, with a focus on the CAR-modified NK cell IS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.