Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28487388›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2017

Heart Rate Recovery and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Shanhu Qiu, Xue Cai, Zilin Sun, Ling Li, Martina Zuegel, Juergen Michael Steinacker, Uwe Schumann

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Trial
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  13. Article
  14. Temporal dissociation between heart rate recovery and heart rate variability recovery after submaximal exercise in healthy older adults.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026
    Article
  15. Observational
  16. Beyond distance and heart rate: Reading 6-minute walk testWorld journal of experimental medicine · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shanhu QiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Xue CaiDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Zilin SunDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China sunzilin1963@126.com.
Ling LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Martina ZuegelDivision of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Germany.
Juergen Michael SteinackerDivision of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Germany.
Uwe SchumannDivision of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHeart rate recovery (HRR) is a noninvasive assessment of autonomic dysfunction and has been implicated with risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, evidence has not been systematically assessed. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantify these associations in the general population. METHODS AND

resultsA literature search using 3 databases up to August 2016 was conducted for studies that reported hazard ratios with 95% CIs for the association between baseline HRR and outcomes of interest. The overall hazard ratios were calculated using a random-effects model. There were 9 eligible studies in total, with 5 for cardiovascular events enrolling 1061 cases from 34 267 participants, and 9 for all-cause mortality enrolling 2082 cases from 41 600 participants. The pooled hazard ratios associated with attenuated HRR versus fast HRR that served as the referent were 1.69 (95% CI 1.05-2.71) for cardiovascular events and 1.68 (95% CI 1.51-1.88) for all-cause mortality. For every 10 beats per minute decrements in HRR, the hazard ratios were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05-1.21) and 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.19), respectively. Further analyses suggested that the associations observed between attenuated HRR and risk of fatal cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality were independent of traditional metabolic factors for cardiovascular disease (all

conclusionsAttenuated HRR is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, which supports the recommendation of recording HRR for risk assessment in clinical practice as a routine.

Indexed as

Heart RateAdultAgedAutonomic Nervous SystemCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular SystemCause of DeathFemaleHealth StatusHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesRecovery of FunctionRisk Assessmentcardiovascular eventsheart rate recoverymortality

Identifiers

PMID28487388
PMCPMC5524096

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.