ArticleJournal of molecular cell biology2017
Paired related homeobox 1 transactivates dopamine D2 receptor to maintain propagation and tumorigenicity of glioma-initiating cells.
Article in Journal of molecular cell biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypomethylation-mediated upregulation of PHOX1 promotes gastric cancer progression via transactivation of NGFR.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Neurotransmitter Regulatory Networks: A New Perspective on Cancer Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Prrx1 promotes mesangial cell proliferation and kidney fibrosis through YAP in diabetic nephropathy.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Article
- Homeodomain protein PRRX1 anchors the Ku heterodimers at DNA double-strand breaks to promote nonhomologous end-joining.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Neurotransmitter-Mimicking Nanovesicles Facilitate Postoperative Glioblastoma Stem Cell-Specific Treatment for Preventing Tumor Recurrence.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- PRRX1 upregulates PD-L1 in human mesenchymal stem cells.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Article
- Propofol Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier After Traumatic Brain Injury by Stabilizing the Extracellular Matrix via Prrx1: From Neuroglioma to Neurotrauma.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- AeLife · 2024Article
- Imipridones and Dopamine Receptor Antagonism in the Therapeutic Management of Gliomas.Advances in oncology · 2024Article
- PRRX1-TOP2A interaction is a malignancy-promoting factor in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Chronic stress accelerates glioblastoma progression via DRD2/ERK/β-catenin axis and Dopamine/ERK/TH positive feedback loop.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- Resolving the lineage relationship between malignant cells and vascular cells in glioblastomas.Protein & cell · 2023Article
- A Ctnnb1 enhancer regulates neocortical neurogenesis by controlling the abundance of intermediate progenitors.Cell discovery · 2022Article
- Prrx1 promotes resistance to temozolomide by upregulating ABCC1 and inducing vasculogenic mimicry in glioma.American journal of cancer research · 2022Article
- PRRX1 induced by BMP signaling decreases tumorigenesis by epigenetically regulating glioma-initiating cell properties via DNA methyltransferase 3A.Molecular oncology · 2022Article
- Effects of the DRD2/3 antagonist ONC201 and radiation in glioblastoma.Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2021Article
- Prrx1 promotes stemness and angiogenesis via activating TGF-β/smad pathway and upregulating proangiogenic factors in glioma.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Novel dopamine receptor 3 antagonists inhibit the growth of primary and temozolomide resistant glioblastoma cells.PloS one · 2021Article
- Genomic Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme Reveals a Key Transcription Factor Signature Relevant to Prognosis and the Immune Processes.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- The Regulatory Role of PRRX1 in Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.OncoTargets and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain tumor with limited therapeutic means and poor prognosis. Recent studies indicate that glioma-initiating cells/glioma stem cells (GICs/GSCs) may be responsible for tumor initiation, infiltration, and recurrence. GICs could aberrantly employ molecular machinery balancing self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic neural precursors. Here, we find that paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1), a homeodomain transcription factor that was previously reported to control skeletal development, is expressed in cortical neural progenitors and is required for their self-renewal and proper differentiation. Further, PRRX1 is overrepresented in glioma samples and labels GICs. Glioma cells and GICs depleted with PRRX1 could not propagate in vitro or form tumors in the xenograft mouse model. The GIC self-renewal function regulated by PRRX1 is mediated by dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2). PRRX1 directly binds to the DRD2 promoter and transactivates its expression in GICs. Blockage of the DRD2 signaling hampers GIC self-renewal, whereas its overexpression restores the propagating and tumorigenic potential of PRRX1-depleted GICs. Finally, PRRX1 potentiates GICs via DRD2-mediated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and AKT activation. Thus, our study suggests that therapeutic targeting the PRRX1-DRD2-ERK/AKT axis in GICs is a promising strategy for treating GBMs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.