ArticleBiology of reproduction2017
Effects of in vitro exposure to dibutyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, and acetyl tributyl citrate on ovarian antral follicle growth and viability.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid dysregulation in mouse ovarian antral follicles after oral exposure to a human relevant mixture of three phthalates.Toxicology · 2026Article
- A Study on the Mechanism of Acetyl Tributyl Citrate-Induced Infertility Toxicity and the Protective Action of Icariin Based on Network Toxicology, Network Pharmacology, Molecular-Docking Technology and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of phthalate exposure on human ovarian extracellular matrix composition: insights from a 3D spheroid model.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies TLR4-mediated mechanisms in ATBC-induced ovarian dysfunction and female infertility: A network toxicology, transcriptomic, and Mendelian randomization study.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Nail Polishes: A Review on Composition, Presence of Toxic Components, and Inadequate Labeling.Dermatology research and practice · 2025Review
- Exposure to Multiple Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Associations with Female Infertility: A Case-Control Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Environmental factors affecting female fertility.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of mouse ovarian antral follicles following oral exposure to a human-relevant mixture of three phthalates.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Global Environmental and Toxicological Data of Emerging Plasticizers: Current Knowledge, Regrettable Substitution Dilemma, Green Solution and Future Perspectives.Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC · 2024Article
- Nutritional Metabolomics in Diet-Breast Cancer Relations: Current Research, Challenges, and Future Directions-A Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- MitoQ Protects Ovarian Organoids against Oxidative Stress during Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Associations between urinary phthalate concentrations and antral follicle count among women undergoingFrontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on ovarian- and ovulation-related fertility outcomes.Molecular reproduction and development · 2022Review
- Review
- Oocyte quality following in vitro follicle development†.Biology of reproduction · 2022Review
- Mono-n-Butyl Phthalate Distributes to the Mouse Ovary and Liver and Alters the Expression of Phthalate-Metabolizing Enzymes in Both Tissues.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- The effects of plasticizers on the ovary.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2021Article
- Environmentally relevant mixtures of phthalates and phthalate metabolites differentially alter the cell cycle and apoptosis in mouse neonatal ovaries†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Article
- Ovarian Toxicity and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Phthalates and Their Metabolites.Current medical science · 2021Review
- A Tiered Female Ovarian Toxicity Screening Identifies Toxic Effects of Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitors on Murine Growing Follicles.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is present in consumer products and the coating of some oral medications. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) has been proposed as an alternative to DBP because DBP causes endocrine disruption in animal models. Following ingestion, DBP is converted to its main metabolite mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) which has been detected in >90% of human follicular fluid samples. Previous studies show that DBP reduces the number of antral follicles present in the ovaries of mice. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of DBP, MBP, and ATBC on in vitro growth and viability of mouse ovarian antral follicles. Antral follicles were isolated from CD-1 females (PND32-37) and treated with vehicle, DBP, MBP, or ATBC (starting at 0.001 and up to 1000 μg/ml for DBP; 24-72 h). Follicle diameter, ATP production, qPCR, and TUNEL were used to measure follicle growth, viability, cell cycle and apoptosis gene expression, and cell death-associated DNA fragmentation, respectively. While MBP did not cause toxicity, DBP exposure at ≥10 μg/ml resulted in growth inhibition followed by cytoxicity at ≥500 μg/ml. ATBC increased the number of nongrowing follicles at 0.01 μg/ml and did not affect ATP production, but increased TUNEL positive area in treated follicles. Gene expression results suggest that cytotoxicity in DBP-treated follicles occurs via activation of cell cycle arrest prior to follicular death. These findings suggest that concentrations of DBP ≥10 μg/ml are detrimental to antral follicles and that ATBC should be examined further as it may disrupt antral follicle function at low concentrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.