ArticleTobacco control2018
Content analysis of age verification, purchase and delivery methods of internet e-cigarette vendors, 2013 and 2014.
Article in Tobacco control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Experimental Study of Nicotine Warning Statements in E-cigarette Tweets.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Minimum Legal Sales Age for e-Cigarettes: a Qualitative Study on the Implementation of Model Policy Components.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Online Age Verification: Government Legislation, Supplier Responsibilization, and Public Perceptions.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Changes in retail tobacco product sales and market share among retail payroll establishments in the U.S. Economic Census between 1997 and 2017.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- The associations between e-liquid characteristics and its pricing: Evidence from online vape shops.PloS one · 2023Article
- State T21, Restrictions on Flavored E-Cigarette Products, and Non-Medical Cannabis Sales Legalization in Relation to Young Adult Reports of Vape Shop Age Verification and Product Offerings: A Multilevel Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Reshaping of the E-Cigarette Retail Environment: Its Evolution and Public Health Concerns.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- E-cigarette use among youth in China.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and COVID-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail: Perspectives from Vape and Vape-and-Smoke Shop Merchants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Heated Tobacco Product Awareness, Use, and Perceptions in a Sample of Young Adults in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Shared Environmental Influences on Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescent and Young Adult Females.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Accessing Vaping Products When Underage: A Qualitative Study of Young Adults in Southern California.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Who Purchases Tobacco Online? Findings from Waves 1 and 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Tobacco regulatory science · 2021Article
- Characterizing and assessing compliance of online vendors to the state of Massachusetts ENDS product sales ban.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas.Tobacco regulatory science · 2021Article
- Underage Youth and Young Adult e-Cigarette Use and Access Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Online sales compliance with the electronic cigarettes ban in India: a content analysis.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- Youth access to JUUL online: eBay sales of JUUL prior to and following FDA action.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Mobile website characteristics of leading tobacco product brands: cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookah and cigars.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Adolescent tobacco coupon receipt, vulnerability characteristics and subsequent tobacco use: analysis of PATH Study, Waves 1 and 2.Tobacco control · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIdentify the population of internet e-cigarette vendors (IEVs) and conduct content analyses of their age verification, purchase and delivery methods in 2013 and 2014.
methodsWe used multiple sources to identify IEV websites, primarily complex search algorithms scanning more than 180 million websites. In 2013, we manually screened 32 446 websites, identifying 980 IEVs, selecting the 281 most popular for content analysis. This methodology yielded 31 239 websites for screening in 2014, identifying 3096 IEVs, with 283 selected for content analysis.
resultsThe proportion of vendors that sold online-only, with no retail store, dropped significantly from 2013 (74.7%) to 2014 (64.3%) (p<0.01), with a corresponding significant decrease in US-based vendors (71.9% in 2013 and 65% in 2014). Most vendors did little to prevent youth access in either year, with 67.6% in 2013 and 63.2% in 2014 employing no age verification or relying exclusively on strategies that cannot effectively verify age. Effective age verification strategies such as online age verification services (7.1% in 2013 and 8.5% in 2014), driving licences (1.8% in 2013 and 7.4% in 2014, p<0.01) or age verification at delivery (6.4% in 2013 and 8.1% in 2104) were rarely advertised on IEV websites. Nearly all vendors advertised accepting credit cards, and about ¾ shipping via United States Postal Service, similar to the internet cigarette industry prior to federal bans.
conclusionsThe number of IEVs grew sharply from 2013 to 2014, with poor age verification practices. New and expanded regulations for online e-cigarette sales are needed, including strict age and identity verification requirements.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.