ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2018
Trophoblast Glycoprotein (TPGB/5T4) in Human Placenta: Expression, Regulation, and Presence in Extracellular Microvesicles and Exosomes.
Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- FTL008.16, a 5T4-Conditional 4-1BB bispecific antibody, potently enhances antitumor immunity via tumor-directed t-cell activation.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- The dynamics of glycosylation in trophoblast cells: development, function, and pregnancy-related disorders.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
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- Mechanistic and pharmacodynamic studies of DuoBody-CD3x5T4 in preclinical tumor models.Life science alliance · 2022Article
- Fetal-placental antigens and the maternal immune system: Reproductive immunology comes of age.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicles and immune response during pregnancy: A balancing act.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Specific innate immune cells uptake fetal antigen and display homeostatic phenotypes in the maternal circulation.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
- Inflammation in Preeclampsia: Genetic Biomarkers, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Trophoblastic extracellular vesicles and viruses: Friends or foes?American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2021Review
- The promise of placental extracellular vesicles: models and challenges for diagnosing placental dysfunction in utero†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- Placenta-Derived Exosomes as a Modulator in Maternal Immune Tolerance During Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Predictive Value of Second-Trimester Maternal Lipid Profiling in Early-Onset Pre-eclampsia: A Prospective Cohort Study and Nomogram.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Human trophoblast-derived exosomes attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury by regulating miR-200b and downstream Zeb1.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2020Article
- Cytotrophoblast extracellular vesicles enhance decidual cell secretion of immune modulators via TNFα.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2020Article
- MiR-519d-3p in Trophoblastic Cells: Effects, Targets and Transfer to Allogeneic Immune Cells via Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Extracellular vesicles and their immunomodulatory functions in pregnancy.Seminars in immunopathology · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany parallels exist between growth and development of the placenta and that of cancer. One parallel is shared expression of antigens that may have functional importance and may be recognized by the immune system. Here, we characterize expression and regulation of one such antigen, Trophoblast glycoprotein (TPGB; also called 5T4), in the placenta across gestation, in placentas of preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies, and in purified microvesicles and exosomes.
methodsTrophoblast glycoprotein expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Regulation of 5T4 in cytotrophoblast cells was examined under either differentiating conditions of epidermal growth factor or under varying oxygen conditions. Microvesicles and exosomes were purified from supernatant of cultured and perfused placentas.
resultsTrophoblast glycoprotein expression was prominent at the microvillus surface of syncytiotrophoblast and on the extravillous trophoblast cells, with minimal expression in undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and normal tissues. Trophoblast glycoprotein expression was elevated in malignant tumors. In cytotrophoblasts, 5T4 was induced by in vitro differentiation, and its messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased under conditions of low oxygen. PE placentas expressed higher 5T4 mRNA than matched control placentas. Trophoblast glycoprotein was prominent within shed placental microvesicles and exosomes.
conclusionGiven the potential functional and known immunological importance of 5T4 in cancer, these studies reveal a class of proteins that may influence placental development and/or sensitize the maternal immune system. In extravillous trophoblasts, 5T4 may function in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during placentation. The role of syncytiotrophoblast 5T4 is unknown, but its abundance in shed syncytial vesicles may signify route of sensitization of the maternal immune system.
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