ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2017
Immunological implications of pregnancy-induced microchimerism.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Importance of Sex Stratification in Autoimmune Disease Biomarker Research: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Soluble P2X7 receptor (sP2X7R) as a marker of inflammation in pregnancy.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Feto-Maternal Microchimerism and the Brain: Mechanisms, Neurological Implications, and Translational Perspectives.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Is the HLA System Really Involved in Implantation, Pregnancy, or Abortion of the Fetus?: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Controversial Points.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Associations of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and childhood vaccine-induced immunity.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Effect of Probiotics on the Gut-Mammary Pathway: Implications on Infant Microbiota Transfer and Development.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Microchimerism: The Hidden Cellular Dialogue Between Mother and Fetal That Shapes Lifelong Immunity.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Microchimerism in the Human Brain, Quantitative Assessment and Single Nuclei Profiling Establish Cell Types and Diversity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Protective maternal gut instincts.Nature · 2026Article
- Antigen Microarray Reveals Broad and Subclinical Autoimmunity in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Prenatal maternal infection promotes maternal microchimeric cells to alter infection risk in male offspring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A review of immunosuppressive therapy in the context of uterine VCA and pregnancy.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Unadjuvanted antenatal pertussis OMV vaccination drives enhanced and durable humoral immunity in offspring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Perinatal HPA axis regulation and offspring neuropsychiatric development: mechanisms, developmental trajectories, and clinical implications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Maternal-fetal dialogue and immunological programming: from fetal development to long-term health outcomes.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Host-related Determinants of Response to Immunotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The Interplay of Body Composition, Metabolism, Sex and Immune Regulation.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Parity Influences the Immune Profile of Human Milk via Increased T Lymphocyte Content.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunological identity is traditionally defined by genetically encoded antigens, with equal maternal and paternal contributions as a result of Mendelian inheritance. However, vertically transferred maternal cells also persist in individuals at very low levels throughout postnatal development. Reciprocally, mothers are seeded during pregnancy with genetically foreign fetal cells that persist long after parturition. Recent findings suggest that these microchimeric cells expressing non-inherited, familially relevant antigenic traits are not accidental 'souvenirs' of pregnancy, but are purposefully retained within mothers and their offspring to promote genetic fitness by improving the outcome of future pregnancies. In this Review, we discuss the immunological implications, benefits and potential consequences of individuals being constitutively chimeric with a biologically active 'microchiome' of genetically foreign cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.