ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2017
The Increase in Hospitalizations for Urinary Tract Infections and the Associated Costs in the United States, 1998-2011.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 146 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Probiotic and Effects on Multi-Drug Resistant Urinary Tract Infection
Reduction in Morbidity Rate for Urinary Tract Infections Through Use of PCR-Based Diagnosis and Management
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- E. coli as a uropathogen in patients with diabetes mellitus, its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of delirium with urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults aged 65 and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Pooled it
- Symptomatic treatment (using NSAIDS) versus antibiotics in uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)-free and Recurrent UTI (rUTI)-Free Survivals Following Bladder Electrofulguration in Women With a History of Antibiotic-Refractory rUTI.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: A New Front in an Old War.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Review
- Diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the emergency department - a real infection or an alarming indication for comprehensive geriatric assessment? A retrospective follow-up study.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- When Empiric Therapy Fails: Clinical and Economic Consequences in uUTIs Among US Women.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Rapid screening of urinary tract infections: quantitative flow cytometry versus dipstick testing in a hospital cohort.Infection · 2026Article
- Types I, II, V, and VI secretion system genes in clinical uropathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Urinary Tract Infections: Etiology and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive In Vitro Assessment of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Efficacy of Organo-Selenium-Incorporated Urinary Catheter in Comparison to a Zwitterionic Surface Catheter.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors associated with the costs of treating privately insured adults with complicated urinary tract infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Trends and disparities in urinary tract infections-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2023: Insights from CDC WONDER.Medicine · 2026Article
- XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) Can Predict Organisms Growing in Urine Culture from the Emergency Department.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Human body temperature cues widespread changes in virulence gene expression in uropathogenicInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV as Antibacterial Targets for Gepotidacin and Zoliflodacin: Teaching Old Enzymes New Tricks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Development and implementation of a nurse-led clinical decision support tool for urinary tract infection.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Rapid Bacteria Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing via 5-Min Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOutpatient therapies for urinary tract infections (UTIs) are becoming limited due to antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this paper is to report how the incidence of hospitalizations for UTIs have varied over time in both men and women and across age groups. We also explore how the severity for UTI hospitalizations has changed and describe the seasonality of UTI hospitalizations.
methodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we compute a time-series of UTI incidence and subdivide the series by age and sex. We fit a collection of time-series models to explore how the trend and seasonal intensity varies by age and sex. We modeled changes in severity using regression with available confounders.
resultsIn 2011, there were approximately 400000 hospitalizations for UTIs with an estimated cost of $2.8 billion. Incidence increased by 52% between 1998 and 2011. The rate of increase was larger among both women and older patients. We found that the seasonal intensity (summer peaks and winter troughs) increased over time among women while decreasing among men. For both men and women, seasonality decreased with advancing age. Relative to controls and adjusted for demographics, we found that costs among UTI patients grew more slowly, patients left the hospital earlier, and patients had lower odds of death.
conclusionsIncidence of UTI hospitalization is increasing and is seasonal, peaking in the summer. However, the severity of UTI admissions seems to be decreasing, indicating that patients previously treated as outpatients may now be admitted to the hospital due to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.