ArticleFertility research and practice2017
Discrete survival model analysis of a couple's smoking pattern and outcomes of assisted reproduction.
Article in Fertility research and practice, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00011713 (Human Exposure to Bisphenol A, Phthalates and Fertility, Pregnancy Outcomes.), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Human Exposure to Bisphenol A, Phthalates and Fertility, Pregnancy Outcomes.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the effect of smoking and its cessation on semen parameters.Reproduction & fertility · 2025Article
- Introducing artificial intelligence and sperm epigenetics in the fertility clinic: a novel foundation for diagnostics and prediction modelling.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Empirical Treatments for Male Infertility: A Focus on Lifestyle Modifications and Medicines.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Time to live birth: towards a common agreement.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Stimulating fertility awareness: the importance of getting the language right.Human reproduction open · 2023Article
- Male infertility due to testicular disorders.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Effects of lifestyle factors on fertility: practical recommendations for modification.Reproduction & fertility · 2021Review
- Pretreatment maternal lifestyle and outcomes of assisted reproduction: an Italian cohort study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Association of personal exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields with pregnancy outcomes among women seeking fertility treatment in a longitudinal cohort study.Fertility and sterility · 2020Article
- Exploring reproductive associations of serum polybrominated diphenyl ether and hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ether concentrations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
- Marijuana smoking and outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2019Article
- Caffeine, alcohol, smoking, and reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments.Fertility and sterility · 2018Review
- Lifestyle causes of male infertility.Arab journal of urology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking has been associated with worse infertility treatment outcomes, yet some studies have found null or inconsistent results.
methodsWe followed 225 couples who underwent 354 fresh non-donor assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles between 2006 and 2014. Smoking history was self-reported at study entry. We evaluated the associations between smoking patterns and ART success using multivariable discrete time Cox proportional hazards models with six time periods: cycle initiation to egg retrieval, retrieval to fertilization, fertilization to embryo transfer (ET), ET to implantation, implantation to clinical pregnancy, and clinical pregnancy to live birth to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs. Time-dependent interactions between smoking intensity and ART time period were used to identify vulnerable periods.
resultsOverall, 26% of women and 32% of men reported ever smoking. The HR of failing in the ART cycle without attaining live birth for male and female ever smokers was elevated, but non-significant, compared to never smokers regardless of intensity (HR = 1.02 and 1.30, respectively). Female ever smokers were more likely to fail prior to oocyte retrieval (HR: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.00, 12.73). Every one cigarette/day increase in smoking intensity for females was associated with a HR of 1.02 of failing ART (95% CI: 0.97, 1.08), regardless of duration or current smoking status. Women with higher smoking intensities were most likely to fail a cycle prior to oocyte retrieval (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.16). Among past smokers, every additional year since a man had quit smoking reduced the risk of failing ART by 4% (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00) particularly between clinical pregnancy and live birth (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96).
conclusionsFemale smoking intensity, regardless of current smoking status, is positively associated with the risk of failing ART cycles between initiation and oocyte retrieval. In men who ever smoked, smoking cessation may reduce the probability of failing ART, particularly between clinical pregnancy and live birth.
trial registrationNCT00011713. Registered: 27 February 2001.
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