ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2017
An Introduction to Terminology and Methodology of Chemical Synergy-Perspectives from Across Disciplines.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary Interventions with Polyphenols in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review Directed from the Preclinical Data to Randomized Clinical Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The combined effects of occupational exposure to noise and other risk factors - a systematic review.Noise & healthPooled it
- Effects of Ubiquinol and/or D-ribose in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.The American journal of cardiology · 2022Trial
- Beyond Yield: Molecular Crop Quality as a Missing Dimension of Green Chemistry in Sustainable Agriculture.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Interactions Between Antioxidants: How Useful Are In Vitro Studies for Understanding the Action of Antioxidants in Complex Systems?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Combination-Based Biofunctional Coatings for Veterinary Biofilm-Associated Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CLC-Pred Synergy: Web Application for Predicting Pairwise Drug Combinations with Synergistic Activity Against NCI60 Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Nanostructured lipid carriers as co-delivery systems for cancer therapy: Prospects and challenges.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Three Characterized Probiotics from Dairy Sources-Weissella confusa (ProY 5.1), Enterococcus lactis (ProY 5.3), and Leuconostoc lactis (RM 2.1)-Exhibit Potential for Antidiarrheal Effects.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Natural bioactive molecules and chemotherapeutics synergism for enhanced cancer therapy.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- The Combination of Thymoquinone and Chloroquine Dose-Dependently Regulates Autophagy and Potentiates Metastatic Melanoma Cell Death via Autophagy-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Calcineurin Inhibitor as an Enhancer ofACS omega · 2026Article
- Ambient Air Pollution and COVID-19 in California.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2026Article
- Parasporin-2-Derived Peptide Fragments: Characterization and Synergistic Anticancer Activity with Sacha Inchi and Curcumin.Cancers · 2026Article
- Bispecific antibodies targeting herpes simplex virus glycoproteins B and D.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Action Mechanism of Essential Oils or Their Components Against Pathogenic Bacteria: Literature Review.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- 1-Deoxynojirimycin Combined with Theaflavins Targets PTGS2/MMP9 to Exert a Synergistic Hypoglycemic Effect.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Environment-by-Environment Interactions Differ Across Genetic Backgrounds.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Isavuconazole-Amphotericin B and Isavuconazole-Caspofungin In Vitro Synergic Activity Against Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Molds Isolates.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The idea of synergistic interactions between drugs and chemicals has been an important issue in the biomedical world for over a century. As complex diseases, especially cancer, are being treated with various drug cocktails, understanding the interactions among these drugs is increasingly vital to ensuring successful treatment regimens. However, the idea of synergy is not limited to only the biomedical realm and these ideas have developed across many different disciplines, as well. In this review, we first discuss the various terminology surrounding the idea of synergy, providing a comprehensive list of terms defined across numerous disciplines. We then review the most common methodology for detection and quantification of synergy, including the two most prominent reference models for describing additive interactions: Loewe Additivity and Bliss Independence. We also discuss advantages and limitations to each method, with a focus on the Chou-Talalay Combination Index method. Finally, we describe how methods development and terminology have developed among disciplines outside of biomedicine and pharmacology, to synthesize the literature for readers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.