ArticleCancer immunology research2017
Combined Anti-VEGF and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy Elicits Humoral Immunity to Galectin-1 Which Is Associated with Favorable Clinical Outcomes.
Article in Cancer immunology research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of CD19 combined with CD22 or CD20 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for hematological malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of CD22-specific and CD19/CD22-bispecific CAR-T cell therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors with VEGF targeted agents in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: a review on the rationale and results of early phase trials.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Circulating galectin-1 delineates response to bevacizumab in melanoma patients and reprograms endothelial cell biology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Trial
- The relationship between galectin-1 expression and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adoptively transferred Th17 cells cooperate with host B cells to achieve durable tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors?Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Do galectins serve as soluble ligands for immune checkpoint receptors?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- KLF12 overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance by reducing galectin-1 in cancer cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- B cell profiles, antibody repertoire and reactivity reveal dysregulated responses with autoimmune features in melanoma.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Barriers to immune cell infiltration in tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- Decoding Strategies to Evade Immunoregulators Galectin-1, -3, and -9 and Their Ligands as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Primary Resistance to Immunotherapy-Based Regimens in First Line Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Perspectives on Jumping the Hurdle.Cancers · 2022Review
- αvβ3 integrin-specific exosomes engineered with cyclopeptide for targeted delivery of triptolide against malignant melanoma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Cancer combination therapies by angiogenesis inhibitors; a comprehensive review.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); a new frontier.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Clinical cancer immunotherapy: Current progress and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Galectins in Cancer and the Microenvironment: Functional Roles, Therapeutic Developments, and Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The combination of anti-VEGF blockade (bevacizumab) with immune checkpoint anti-CTLA-4 blockade (ipilimumab) in a phase I study showed tumor endothelial activation and immune cell infiltration that were associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma. To identify potential immune targets responsible for these observations, posttreatment plasma from long-term responding patients were used to screen human protein arrays. We reported that ipilimumab plus bevacizumab therapy elicited humoral immune responses to galectin-1 (Gal-1), which exhibits protumor, proangiogenesis, and immunosuppressive activities in 37.2% of treated patients. Gal-1 antibodies purified from posttreatment plasma suppressed the binding of Gal-1 to CD45, a T-cell surface receptor that transduces apoptotic signals upon binding to extracellular Gal-1. Antibody responses to Gal-1 were found more frequently in the group of patients with therapeutic responses and correlated with improved overall survival. In contrast, another subgroup of treated patients had increased circulating Gal-1 protein instead, and they had reduced overall survival. Our findings suggest that humoral immunity to Gal-1 may contribute to the efficacy of anti-VEGF and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy. Gal-1 may offer an additional therapeutic target linking anti-angiogenesis and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.