ArticleJournal of substance abuse treatment2018
Relapse to opioid use disorder after inpatient treatment: Protective effect of injection naltrexone.
Article in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended-release injectable naltrexone for opioid use disorder: a systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Surmounting Withdrawal to Initiate Fast Treatment with Naltrexone (SWIFT): A stepped wedge hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Trial
- Naturalistic follow-up after a trial of medications for opioid use disorder: Medication status, opioid use, and relapse.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- Sublingual Buprenorphine-Naloxone Compared With Injection Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder: Potential Utility of Patient Characteristics in Guiding Choice of Treatment.The American journal of psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Variants of opioid genes and response to treatment of opioid use disorder with buprenorphine-naloxone versus extended-release naltrexone in Caucasians.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2020Trial
- Transition of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder from Buprenorphine to Extended-Release Naltrexone: A Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing Two Transition Regimens.The American journal on addictions · 2020Trial
- A Randomized Trial Comparing Extended-Release Injectable Suspension and Oral Naltrexone, Both Combined With Behavioral Therapy, for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.The American journal of psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- A rapid review of the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on opioid and stimulant use-related outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- Involvement of the dorsal raphe serotonin system in basal and punished heroin self-administration and stress-induced reinstatement in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Identifying risk factors for drug use recurrence with ecological momentary assessment, wearable technologies, and machine learning: a feasibility trial of peer recovery support specialist intervention.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Chemogenetic Inhibition and Optogenetic Depotentiation of the Prelimbic Cortex to Paraventricular Thalamus Pathway Attenuate Abstinence-Induced Plasticity and Heroin Seeking in Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- A clinical trial loses access to some of its experimental treatment conditions: What can be done?Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation: Exploring a Novel Treatment for Severe Opioid Use Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Concordance of Striatal Transcriptional Signatures of Opioid Addiction in Human and Rodent Brains.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Optimizing retention strategies for opioid use disorder pharmacotherapy: The retention phase of the CTN-0100 trial (RDD).Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Cognitive control in individuals with heroin use disorder after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The contribution of psychotherapy in potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics for treatment of opioid use disorder.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- An Approach to Enhancing Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in the HEALing Communities Study.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOpioid use disorder is often treated with short term hospitalization and medically supervised withdrawal from opioids followed by counseling alone without medication assisted treatment (MAT). More evidence is needed to confirm the expectation that the rate of relapse would be high after short term inpatient treatment and withdrawal from opioids without follow-up MAT. OBJECTIVE/
methodsTo examine relapse to opioid use disorder in a randomized, multi-site effectiveness trial of extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX) vs community-based treatment as usual (TAU) without medication, as a function of the type of clinical service where treatment was initiated-short-term inpatient (N=59), long-term inpatient (N=48), or outpatient (N=201). Inpatients typically were admitted to treatment actively using opioids and had completed withdrawal from opioids before study entry. Outpatients typically presented already abstinent for varying periods of time.
resultsOne month after randomization, relapse rates on TAU by setting were: short-term inpatient: 63%; long term inpatient: 14%; outpatient: 28%. On XR-NTX relapse rates after one month were low (<12%) across all three settings. At the end of the 6 month trial, relapse rates on TAU were high across all treatment-initiation settings (short term inpatient 77%; long term inpatient 59%; outpatient 61%), while XR-NTX exerted a modest protective effect against relapse across settings (short term inpatient: 59%; long term inpatient 46%; outpatient 38%).
conclusionsShort term inpatient treatment is associated with a high rate of relapse among patients with opioid use disorder. These findings support the recommendation that medically supervised withdrawal from opioids should be followed by medication assisted treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.