Observational studyMedicine2017
Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in infectious and noninfectious central nervous system disease: A retrospective cohort study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Following Influenza A: Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Revising the role of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis as a diagnostic criterion in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Validation and clinical implementation of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- A Rare Case of Bickerstaff Encephalitis in Childhood: A Case Report.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Article
- Granulocytes in cerebrospinal fluid of adults suspected of a central nervous system infection: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.Infection · 2024Article
- Immune-Mediated Myelopathies.Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) · 2024Article
- Characterization and diagnosis spectrum of patients with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.Infection · 2024Article
- Bickerstaff encephalitis in childhood: a review of 74 cases in the literature from 1951 to today.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Case report: Cerebrospinal fluid neutrophilic pleocytosis upon intrathecal triamcinolone injection.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Lyme neuroborreliosis: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Pentraxin 3 in the cerebrospinal fluid during central nervous system infections: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Seizures in adults with suspected central nervous system infection.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Risk Prediction Models for Early ICU Admission in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: Integrating Scale-Based Assessments of the Disease Severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- T cell derived HIV-1 is present in the CSF in the face of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Proposing a Neurotropic Etiology for Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Infectious causes and outcomes in patients presenting with cerebral spinal fluid pleocytosis.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
- Disseminated melanized fungal infection due to Cladosporium halotolerans in a dog coinfected with canine adenovirus-1 and canine parvovirus-2.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is the most important tool for assessing central nervous system (CNS) disease. An elevated CSF leukocyte count rarely provides the final diagnosis, but is almost always an indicator of inflammation within the CNS.The present study investigated the variety of diseases associated with CSF pleocytosis.CSF analyses were identified through the biochemical database used in the capital region of Denmark in the period from 2003 to 2010. In patients >15 years, clinical diagnoses associated with the finding of a CSF leukocyte count >10 × 10 cells/L were obtained from discharge records and patient files.A total of 1058 CSF samples from 1054 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 50 (interquartile range: 36-67) and 53% were male. Eighty-one different diagnoses were identified in 1058 cases with an elevated CSF leukocyte count, besides unknown causes. Infections were the most common cause of CSF pleocytosis (61.4%) followed by miscellaneous causes (12.7%), vascular (9.7%), neurodegenerative (7%), neoplastic (5%), and inflammatory conditions (4.2%). Only infections presented with leukocyte counts >10,000 × 10/L. Infections represented 82.6% of all cases with a leukocyte count >100 × 10/L whereas 56.3% of cases with at leukocyte counts <100 × 10/L were dominated by disease not related to infection.The present study may serve as a reminder to clinicians of what diseases and disease categories to suspect when patients present with CSF biochemistry indicating CNS inflammation.
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Registered trials
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