Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Brief Report: Impact of Early Antiretroviral Therapy on the Performance of HIV Rapid Tests and HIV Incidence Assays.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Pooled it
- Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Breast milk antibody Fc signatures track with HIV transmission during breastfeeding in ART-naïve mothers.iScience · 2026Article
- Characterization of HIV humoral immunity during analytical treatment interruption.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a point-of-care rapid HIV antibody test with insights into acute HIV symptomatology in a population with low prevalence.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Brief Report: Self-Reported HIV-Positive Status but Subsequent HIV-Negative Test Results in Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Survey Participants-11 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015-2018.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- Determination of the mean duration of recent infection and false recency rate for the HIV triplex multiplex bead assay.PloS one · 2024Article
- Recent HIV Infection: Diagnosis and Public Health Implications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Clinical-Forensic Autopsy Findings to Defeat COVID-19 Disease: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Does antiretroviral therapy use affect the accuracy of HIV rapid diagnostic assays? Experience from a demographic health and surveillance site in rural South Africa.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2020Article
- Decreased Seroreactivity in Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy during Acute HIV Infection.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- A Multiplex HIV Incidence Assay for Inferring Recent HIV-1 Transmission and Time of Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Re-reading of OraQuick HIV-1/2 rapid antibody test results: quality assurance implications for HIV self-testing programmes.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Rapid Serological Tests Ineffectively Screen for HIV Exposure in HIV-Positive Infants.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Initial Antiretroviral Third-Drug Class and Time to Loss of Virologic Suppression: A Real-World Colombian Cohort Study.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) can downregulate antibody responses to HIV infection. We evaluated the impact of early vs. delayed ART on the performance of HIV diagnostic and incidence assays.
methodsSamples were obtained from 207 participants in the HPTN 052 trial, who were stably suppressed on ART for ≥4 years [Malawi sites; pre-ART CD4 cell count 350-550 cells/mm (early ART arm, N = 180) or <250 cells/mm or an AIDS-defining illness (delayed ART arm, N = 27)]. Samples were tested with 2 HIV rapid tests and 2 HIV incidence assays; selected samples were also tested with two fourth-generation immunoassays and a Western blot (WB) assay. A pre-ART sample was analyzed if the follow-up sample had a false-negative or weakly-reactive rapid test result, or had an incidence assay result indicative of recent infection (false-recent result).
resultsTen (4.8%) samples had a nonreactive or weakly-reactive rapid test result (7/180 early ART arm, 3/27 delayed ART arm, P = 0.13); one sample had nonreactive fourth-generation assay results and 3 had indeterminate WBs. Forty (18.9%) samples had a false-recent incidence assay result; 16 (7.8%) had false-recent results with both incidence assays. Baseline samples had stronger rapid test and WB bands, higher fourth-generation assay signal-to-cutoff values, and fewer HIV incidence assay results indicative of recent infection.
conclusionsFalse-negative/weakly-reactive HIV rapid tests and false-recent HIV incidence assay results were observed in virally-suppressed individuals, regardless of pre-ART CD4 cell count. Downregulation of the antibody response to HIV infection in the setting of ART may impact population-level surveys of HIV prevalence and incidence.
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