ArticleBrain injury2017
Utility of providing a concussion definition in the assessment of concussion history in former NFL players.
Article in Brain injury, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Imaging the later-life white matter pathologies of repetitive head impacts: A novel pattern revealed through T2 FLAIR MRI.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Effects of mTBI with loss of consciousness on neurobehavioral symptoms, depression, and insomnia in former collegiate and NFL football athletes.Brain injury · 2024Article
- American Football Play and Parkinson Disease Among Men.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- White matter hyperintensities in former American football players.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Towards defining biomarkers to evaluate concussions using virtual reality and a moving platform (BioVRSea).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A preliminary model of football-related neural stress that integrates metabolomics with transcriptomics and virtual reality.iScience · 2022Article
- Association Between Antemortem FLAIR White Matter Hyperintensities and Neuropathology in Brain Donors Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts.Neurology · 2022Article
- Developing methods to detect and diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy during life: rationale, design, and methodology for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Article
- Association of Previous Concussion with Hippocampal Volume and Symptoms in Collegiate-Aged Athletes.Journal of neurotrauma · 2021Article
- The BRAIN-Q, a tool for assessing self-reported sport-related concussions for epidemiological studies.Epidemiology and health · 2021Article
- Accuracy of US College Football Players' Estimates of Their Risk of Concussion or Injury.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Associations between adverse childhood experiences and acquired brain injury, including traumatic brain injuries, among adults: 2014 BRFSS North Carolina.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2019Review
- Age at First Exposure to Repetitive Head Impacts Is Associated with Smaller Thalamic Volumes in Former Professional American Football Players.Journal of neurotrauma · 2018Article
- Changes in Self-Reported Concussion History after Administration of a Novel Concussion History Questionnaire in Collegiate Recreational Student-Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes.Translational psychiatry · 2017Article
- Self-Reported Lifetime Concussion Among Adults: Comparison of 3 Different Survey Questions.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFormer National Football League (NFL) players' working knowledge of concussion has not yet been evaluated, despite this population being a major clinical research target due to the association between repetitive head impacts (RHI) and long-term clinical impairments. This study examined former NFL players' understanding of the current concussion definition, and the association between number of concussions with clinical function.
methods95 former NFL players (mean age = 55.29; mean NFL year = 8.10) self-reported number of concussions before being provided with a concussion definition and after being read a modern definition of concussion. Subjects reported number of concussions with loss of consciousness (LOC). Principal Component Analysis of a battery of tests generated behaviour/mood, psychomotor speed/executive function, and verbal and visual memory factor scores.
resultsPost-definition number of concussions (median = 50) was five times the pre-definition (median = 10; p < 0.001). Greater pre- (p = 0.019) and post-definition concussions (p = 0.036) correlated with worse behaviour/mood scores, after controlling for years of football played, with specific effects for depressive symptoms and impulsivity. LOC did not account for variance beyond number of concussions.
conclusionsPractitioners and clinical researchers should provide a definition of concussion in the assessment of concussion history in former football players to facilitate accuracy and standardization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.