ArticleCancer growth and metastasis2017
In Vitro and In Vivo Antimetastatic Effect of Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes.
Article in Cancer growth and metastasis, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanotechnology in Cutaneous Oncology: The Role of Liposomes in Targeted Melanoma Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling heterogeneity and prognostic markers in ductal breast cancer through single-cell RNA-seq.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Article
- Metastasis Prevention: Focus on Metastatic Circulating Tumor Cells.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2021Review
- Fluorescent Probes for Live Cell Thiol Detection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Advances in Carbon Nanotubes for Malignant Melanoma: A Chance for Treatment.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2018Review
- Redox Paradox: A Novel Approach to Therapeutics-Resistant Cancer.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2018Review
- In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Growth Inhibition by Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes.Cancer growth and metastasis · 2017Article
- Controlled drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment and their performance.Signal transduction and targeted therapyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, effective treatment for cancer metastasis is still lacking. Cancer metastasis involves 4 essential steps: cell detachment, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Detachment is the first and required step for metastasis. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is derived from the oxidation of glutathione (GSH), which is present in biological systems in millimolar concentration. Although GSSG is commercially available, the impact of GSSG on cell functions/dysfunctions has not been fully explored due to the fact that GSSG is not cell membrane permeable and a lack of method to specifically increase GSSG in cells. We have developed GSSG liposomes that effectively deliver GSSG to cells. Unexpectedly, cells treated with GSSG liposomes were resistant to detachment by trypsinization. This observation led to the investigation of the antimetastatic effect of GSSG liposomes. Our data demonstrate that GSSG liposomes at 1 mg/mL completely blocked cell detachment and migration, and significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion. Aqueous GSSG showed no such effect, confirming that the effects on cell detachment, migration, and invasion were caused by the intracellular delivery of GSSG. An in vivo experiment with a murine melanoma experimental metastasis model showed that GSSG liposomes prevented melanoma lung metastasis. The unique antimetastatic mechanism through the effects on detachment and migration, and effective in vitro and in vivo metastasis inhibition, warrants further investigation of the GSSG liposomes as a potential treatment for cancer metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.