ArticleJCI insight2017
GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients.
Article in JCI insight, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the neuroprotective role and biomarker potential of GDF15 in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- AAV-NRF2 protects retinal and choroidal vasculature in a GDF15-dependent manner in an oxidative damage model of AMD.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Compartment-Specific Associations of GDF15 With Intraocular Cytokines in Patients With Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Left-Right Determination Factor 2 (LEFTY2) Is an Aqueous Humor Biomarker for Exfoliation Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Elevated Neurodegeneration Markers in the Aqueous Humor of Primary Open Angle and Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients Correlate With Disease Severity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Liver X Receptor-Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Activation Drives Profibrotic Changes in the Aqueous Outflow Tract of Uveitic Glaucoma.The American journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Influence of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 on Intraocular Pressure in Mice.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2024Article
- Assessment and mitigation of bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: A Position Paper from the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Article
- Heat Shock Protein Upregulation Supplemental to Complex mRNA Alterations in Autoimmune Glaucoma.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Increased Complement-Associated Inflammation in Cytomegalovirus-Positive Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis Patients Based on the Aqueous Humor Proteomics Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Human Retinal Organoids Provide a Suitable Tool for Toxicological Investigations: A Comprehensive Validation Using Drugs and Compounds Affecting the Retina.Stem cells translational medicine · 2022Article
- Elevated Levels of Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 in the Aqueous Humor and Serum of Glaucoma Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Season of Birth and Cardiovascular Mortality in Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Article
- Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications.Biology · 2021Review
- Serial assessment of biomarkers and the risk of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial.European heart journal · 2021Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated With Alzheimer's Disease Risk.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Article
- Increased Aqueous Humor GDF15 Is Associated with Worse Visual Field Loss in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma Patients.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- FGF2-induced STAT3 activation regulates pathologic neovascularization.Experimental eye research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Physicians often use surrogate endpoints to monitor the progression of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. These approaches are limited in their ability to quantify disease severity and progression due to inherent subjectivity, unreliability, and limitations of normative databases. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify specific molecular markers that predict or measure glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is associated with retinal ganglion cell death. Gdf15 expression in the retina is specifically increased after acute injury to retinal ganglion cell axons and in a murine chronic glaucoma model. We also demonstrate that the ganglion cell layer may be one of the sources of secreted GDF15 and that GDF15 diffuses to and can be detected in aqueous humor (AH). In validating these findings in human patients with glaucoma, we find not only that GDF15 is increased in AH of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), but also that elevated GDF15 levels are significantly associated with worse functional outcomes in glaucoma patients, as measured by visual field testing. Thus, GDF15 maybe a reliable metric of glaucomatous neurodegeneration, although further prospective validation studies will be necessary to determine if GDF15 can be used in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.