ReviewNutrients2017
Choline, Other Methyl-Donors and Epigenetics.
Review in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdiagnostic reduction in cortical choline-containing compounds in anxiety disorders: aMolecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Early Child Development Outcomes of a Randomized Trial Providing 1 Egg Per Day to Children Age 6 to 15 Months in Malawi.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Review
- Chronic choline restriction remodels hepatic lipid metabolism and drives insulin resistance through a CD36-ETNPPL regulatory axis.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Prenatal Choline and Betaine Differentially Program Adult Hepatic One-Carbon Metabolism in Wistar Rats.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Choline and Its Companions: Inter-Related Roles of Choline and B Vitamins in Fetal Development and Offspring Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Paradoxical oncogenic effects of hepatic Brca1 through modulating Bhmt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Liver and Skeletal Muscle Metabolome Characterization in Peripartal Dairy Cows Fed Rumen-Protected Methionine or Rumen-Protected Choline.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Interconnected Developmental Trajectories of the Brain, Gut, and Sleep in Early Life: The First 1000 Days of Nutritional Opportunity.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA copy number reduction viaEpigenomics · 2026Article
- Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure via BACH1-SCD1-oleic acid axis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- The Double-Edged Nature of Methyl Donors in Cancer Development from Prevention to Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nutri-epigenetics of mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in obesity.Genes & nutrition · 2025Review
- Associations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors with childhood obesity: a case-control study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Vascular dementia increases levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cystathionine β-synthase in female patients and changes gene expression of acetylcholine and glutamate clathrin-sculpted transport vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Arsenome, Arsenobolome, and Arsenobiolome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Brain DNA Methylation Atlas of AppAging cell · 2025Article
- Adolescent dietary patterns and methyl-donor nutrient intakes in relation to blood leukocyte DNA methylation of circadian genes.Chronobiology international · 2025Article
- Transgenerational effects of in ovo stimulation with synbiotic and choline on gonadal tissue across three generations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of in ovo stimulation with potential epigenetic modulators on immune system phenotype across three generations in a chicken model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Choline dietary intake varies such that many people do not achieve adequate intakes. Diet intake of choline can modulate methylation because, via betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), this nutrient (and its metabolite, betaine) regulate the concentrations of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine. Some of the epigenetic mechanisms that modify gene expression without modifying the genetic code depend on the methylation of DNA or of histones; and diet availability of choline and other methyl-group donors influences both of these methylations. Examples of methyl-donor mediated epigenetic effects include the changes in coat color and body weight in offspring when pregnant agouti mice are fed high choline, high methyl diets; the changes in tail kinking in offspring when pregnant Axin(Fu) mice are fed high choline, high methyl diets; the changes in Cdkn3 methylation and altered brain development that occurs in offspring when pregnant rodents are fed low choline diets. When choline metabolism is disrupted by deleting the gene Bhmt, DNA methylation is affected (especially in a region of chromosome 13), expression of specific genes is suppressed, and liver cancers develop. Better understanding of how nutrients such as choline and methyl-donors influence epigenetic programs has importance for our understanding of not only developmental abnormalities but also for understanding the origins of chronic diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.