ArticleACS nano2017
Nanomotor-Enabled pH-Responsive Intracellular Delivery of Caspase-3: Toward Rapid Cell Apoptosis.
Article in ACS nano, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Micro/Nano-Motors for Enhanced Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Scutellarin Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke via Activation of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Significant Prospective on Nanorobotics in Precision Medicine and Therapeutic Interventions.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Biorobotic Drug Delivery for Biomedical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- SIRT1 restores mitochondrial structure and function in rats by activating SIRT3 after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Microrobots Powered by Multi-Physics Field for Biomedical and Environmental Applications.Micromachines · 2024Review
- Ultrasound Activated Nanobowls with Deep Penetration for Enhancing Sonodynamic Therapy of Orthotopic Liver Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Autonomous Nanorobots as Miniaturized Surgeons for Intracellular Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Dependence of the acoustic propulsion of nano- and microcones on their orientation and aspect ratio.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Research trends on nanomaterials in gastric cancer: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Autonomous metal-organic framework nanorobots for active mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy.Science advances · 2023Article
- Recent Progress of Rational Modified Nanocarriers for Cytosolic Protein Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Optical and Photoacoustic ImagingChemical & biomedical imaging · 2023Review
- Recent Advances in One-Dimensional Micro/Nanomotors: Fabrication, Propulsion and Application.Nano-micro letters · 2022Review
- Stimuli-responsive nanoformulations for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Direct and efficient intracellular delivery of enzymes to cytosol holds tremendous therapeutic potential while remaining an unmet technical challenge. Herein, an ultrasound (US)-propelled nanomotor approach and a high-pH-responsive delivery strategy are reported to overcome this challenge using caspase-3 (CASP-3) as a model enzyme. Consisting of a gold nanowire (AuNW) motor with a pH-responsive polymer coating, in which the CASP-3 is loaded, the resulting nanomotor protects the enzyme from release and deactivation prior to reaching an intracellular environment. However, upon entering a cell and exposure to the higher intracellular pH, the polymer coating is dissolved, thereby directly releasing the active CASP-3 enzyme to the cytosol and causing rapid cell apoptosis. In vitro studies using gastric cancer cells as a model cell line demonstrate that such a motion-based active delivery approach leads to remarkably high apoptosis efficiency within a significantly shorter time and with a lower amount of CASP-3 compared to other control groups not involving US-propelled nanomotors. For instance, the reported nanomotor system can achieve 80% apoptosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells within only 5 min, which dramatically outperforms other CASP-3 delivery approaches. These results indicate that the US-propelled nanomotors may act as a powerful vehicle for cytosolic delivery of active therapeutic proteins, which would offer an attractive means to enhance the current landscape of intracellular protein delivery and therapy. While CASP-3 is selected as a model protein in this study, the same nanomotor approach can be readily applied to a variety of different therapeutic proteins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.