ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2017
Survival of the fetus: fetal B and T cell receptor repertoire development.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic instability and hypofunctionality of fetal Tregs allow a permissive regulatory environment for T effector memory maturation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Insufficient immune protection in preterm infants due to delayed or incomplete hexavalent vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune surveillance of cytomegalovirus in tissues.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- B cells: roles in physiology and pathology of pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Intrauterine desensitization enables long term survival of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells without immunosuppression.iScience · 2023Article
- Making inroads to precision medicine for the treatment of autoimmune diseases: Harnessing genomic studies to better diagnose and treat complex disorders.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2023Review
- Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Are homeostatic mechanisms aiding the reconstitution of the T-cell pool during lymphopenia in humans?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Inborn Errors of Immunity With Fetal or Perinatal Clinical Manifestations.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Maternal and Infant Immune Repertoire Sequencing Analysis Identifies Distinct Ig and TCR Development in Term and Preterm Infants.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Normal IgH Repertoire Diversity in an Infant with ADA Deficiency After Gene Therapy.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Attenuated asthma phenotype in mice with a fetal-like antigen receptor repertoire.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Building a T cell compartment: how immune cell development shapes function.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2020Review
- T Cell Repertoire During Ontogeny and Characteristics in Inflammatory Disorders in Adults and Childhood.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Maturation of the Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Repertoire With Age.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Immunity and immunopathology in early human life.Seminars in immunopathology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A mature and diverse T and B cell receptor repertoire is a prerequisite for immunocompetence. In light of its increased susceptibility to infection, the human fetus has long been considered deficient in this regard. However, data accumulated since the 1990s and in earnest in the past couple of years paints a more complicated picture. As we describe in this review, mechanisms responsible for generating a diverse receptor repertoire, such as somatic recombination, class switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation, are all operational to surprising extents in the growing fetus. The composition of the fetal repertoire differs from that of adults, with preferential usage of certain variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments and a shorter complementarity determining (CDR3) region, primarily due to decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) expression. Both T and B cell receptor repertoires are extremely diverse by the end of the second trimester, and in the case of T cells, are capable of responding to an invading pathogen with in utero clonal expansion. Thus, it would appear as though the T and B cell receptor repertoires are not a hindrance towards immunocompetence of the newborn. Our improved understanding of fetal receptor repertoire development is already bearing fruit in the early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and may help clarify the pathogenesis of congenital infections, recurrent abortions, and autoimmune disorders in the near future.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.