ArticleOncotarget2017
Radiation improves antitumor effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor in murine hepatocellular carcinoma model.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selective Internal Radiation Therapy Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Bridging Radiotherapy to Immunotherapy: The IFN-JAK-STAT Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- A Pilot Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Y90 Radioembolization in Subjects With Poor Prognosis Hepatocellular Carcinoma.The oncologist · 2024Trial
- Sequential transarterial radioembolization and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab improves survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.European radiology · 2026Article
- Combining External Beam Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes ferroptosis-driven control of hepatocellular carcinoma.Genes and immunity · 2026Article
- Beyond local control: radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations fromFrontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Post-radiation targeting of TIGIT and CD96 improved immunotherapy efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Concurrent Radiation and Immunotherapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Extensive Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus.Advances in radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Application of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer.MedComm · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Treatment Alters Immune-Related Gene Signatures to Increase the Sensitivity of Anti PD-L1 Drugs.Cancers · 2025Article
- Comparison of Antitumor Effects of Combinations of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors With Dendritic Cells Intratumorally Injected into Irradiated Mouse Adenocarcinoma.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2025Article
- The prognostic and predictive value of peripheral immune-related proteins in patients with lung cancer treated with radiotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Combined radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study of 108 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring Natural Compounds Targeting PD-L1 and STAT3: Toxicogenomic Analysis, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, ADMET Evaluation, and Biological Activity Prediction.Current computer-aided drug design · 2025Article
- Type I MET inhibitors cooperate with PD-1 blockade to promote rejection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy Combinatorial Approaches in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Modeling the Synergistic Impact of Yttrium 90 Radioembolization and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- An investigator-initiated clinical study in patients with refractory or recurrent solid tumors: 'R-ISV-FOLactis' trial.Future oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAlthough immunotherapy has emerged as an attractive therapy for refractory cancers, its limited efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests the need for a combination strategy that can either enhance or complement therapeutic effect. We investigated whether combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and radiation could enhance antitumor effect in a murine HCC model.
methodsUsing murine HCC, HCa-1, the effect of radiation on programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L1) expression was determined by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Signaling pathways involved in altered PD-L1 expression were examined. Tumor growth and survival rate were evaluated for a combination of anti-PD-L1 and radiation. Immunological parameters in the tumor were assessed using flow cytometry and histological study.
resultsRadiation upregulated PD-L1 expression in tumor cells through IFN-γ/STAT3 signaling, which could facilitate therapeutic action of anti-PD-L1. Combination of anti-PD-L1 and radiation significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to treatment with anti-PD-L1 alone or radiation alone group (P<0.01). Survival was significantly improved in the combination group compared to anti-PD-L1 alone or radiation alone group (7-week survival rate; 90% vs. 0% or 30%, respectively, P<0.001). The underlying mechanism involved increasing apoptosis, decreasing tumor cell proliferation, as well as restoration of CD8+ T cell functions.
conclusionsThe combination of anti-PD-L1 and radiation significantly improved the antitumor effect shown in tumor growth delay as well as in survival, supporting a novel combination strategy of immunoradiotherapy in HCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.