SynthesisPloS one2017
The emergence of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and impact.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in Clostridioides difficile infection prevalence among pediatric cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Global burden ofJournal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- Five-Day Treatment withNutrients · 2025Trial
- Burden of Clostridioides difficile infection in China, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Multi-strain Clostridioides difficile infection: Increased detection and clinical implications.The Journal of infection · 2026Article
- Biofilm- and Spore-Disruptive Star-Shaped Poly(l-lysine)/Hyaluronic Acid Microgels for Targeted Oral Therapy ofBiomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Burden of diarrhoeal diseases among hospitalised patients in Thailand: a retrospective national database analysis (2014-2022).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Pooled analyses of Clostridioides difficile vaccine trials identify baseline predictors for vaccine response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of Antibiotic Stewardship Program on Antibiotic Consumption and the Incidence ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combination Therapy with Oral Vancomycin Plus Intravenous Metronidazole Is Not Superior to Oral Vancomycin Alone for the Treatment of SevereAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Impact of Clostridium difficile Infection during Treatment of Rifampicin-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2025Article
- Global Burden, Trends, and Inequalities ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- The Global Burden ofInfectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory features of patients withIJID regions · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Bioinformatic and experimental identification and characterization ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota and New Microbiome-Targeted Drugs forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common healthcare associated infection and is highly prevalent in Europe and North America. Limited data is available on the prevalence of CDI in Asia. However, secular increases in prevalence of risk factors for CDI suggest that it may be emerging as a major cause of morbidity, highlighting the urgent need for a systematic study of the prevalence of CDI in Asia.
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed/Medline and Embase for publications from Asia between 2000-16 examining prevalence of CDI. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled prevalence of CDI in Asia and to identify subgroups and regions at high risk.
resultsOur meta-analysis included 51 studies from throughout Asia including 37,663 patients at risk among whom confirmed CDI was found in 4,343 patients. The pooled proportion of confirmed CDI among all patients with diarrhea was 14.8% with a higher prevalence in East Asia (19.5%), compared with South Asia (10.5%) or the Middle East (11.1%). There were an estimated 5.3 episodes of CDI per 10,000 patient days, similar to rates reported from Europe and North America. Infections due to hypervirulent strains were rare. CDI-related mortality was 8.9%.
conclusionsIn a meta-analysis of 51 studies, we observed similar rates of CDI in Asia in comparison to Europe and North America. Increased awareness and improved surveillance of Clostridium difficile is essential to reduce incidence and morbidity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.