ArticleEFORT open reviews2016
Treatment of pathological fractures of the long bones.
Article in EFORT open reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Postoperative survival in patients undergoing surgery for long bone metastases: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of outcomes across primary tumor types.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Review
- Disparities in disease presentation and survival after pathological fracture surgery at a middle- and a high-income centre.BMC surgery · 2026Article
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- The Importance of Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation done with Intramedullary Implants in Pathological Fractures - A Case Series.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Modified OPTIModel with oligometastatic disease for the prediction of overall survival of patients with renal cell cancer and symptomatic long bone metastases.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Article
- Desmoplastic Fibromas of the Bone: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation and Surgical Treatment.Cancers · 2025Review
- Comparative Outcomes in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression and Femoral Metastatic Disease: Distinct Clinical Entities with Divergent Prognoses?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- CORR Insights®: What Factors Are Associated With Implant Revision in the Treatment of Pathologic Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025Article
- Combined interdisciplinary treatment of metastatic bone lesions using 3D robot-assisted image-guided navigation : Embolization, biopsy, ablation, and surgery in one operative session.Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie · 2025Article
- Pathologic Fracture in Childhood: Benign or Malignant?Orthopedic reviews · 2025Article
- Denosumab combined with radiotherapy as an alternative to surgery for advanced metastatic bone lesions and pathologic fractures: a retrospective case study of 38 patients.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2024Article
- Oncological and functional outcomes of pathological fractures of lower extremities in patients with malignant bone tumors.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2024Article
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- Treatment algorithm for metastatic malignancies in the lower extremities.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Patient-Reported Outcomes After Intramedullary Nailing of Oncologic Impending or Pathologic Fractures With Carbon Fiber or Titanium Implant.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2024Article
- Article
- Psoas muscle area is an independent survival prognosticator in patients undergoing surgery for long-bone metastases.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone metastases of the long bones often lead to pain and pathological fractures. Local treatment consists of radiotherapy or surgery. Treatment strategies are strongly based on the risk of the fracture and expected survival.Diagnostic work-up consists of CT and biopsy for diagnosis of the primary tumour, bone scan or PET-CT for dissemination status, patient history and blood test for evaluation of general health, and biplanar radiograph or CT for evaluation of the involved bone.A bone lesion with an axial cortical involvement of >30 mm has a high risk of fracturing and should be stabilised surgically.Expected survival should be based on primary tumour type, performance score, and presence of visceral and cerebral metastases.Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for symptomatic lesions without risk of fracturing. The role of post-operative radiotherapy remains unclear.Main surgical treatment options consist of plate fixation, intramedullary nails and (endo) prosthesis. The choice of modality depends on the localisation, extent of involved bone, and expected survival. Adjuvant cement should be considered in large lesions for better stabilisation. Cite this article: Willeumier JJ, van der Linden YM, van de Sande MAJ, Dijkstra PDS. Treatment of pathological fractures of the long bones.
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