ArticleCancer research2017
Granzyme B PET Imaging as a Predictive Biomarker of Immunotherapy Response.
Article in Cancer research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07057349 (Phase 1 Multi-cohort Evaluation of [18F]CSB-321 PET Imaging in Participants Receiving Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 213 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1 Multi-cohort Evaluation of [18F]CSB-321 PET Imaging in Participants Receiving Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer
Who cites it
213 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 313 citations in OpenAlex.
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma, version 3.0.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Guideline
- Integrated imaging and molecular analysis to decipher tumor microenvironment in the era of immunotherapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Pooled it
- The Future of Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Surveillance: A Systemic Review on Immunotherapy and Immuno-PET Radiotracers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Emerging Blood-Based Biomarkers for Predicting Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- CD8 PET imaging with [Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Hydrogel Phase Transition-Driven Soft Gating Circumvents Debye Screening for Advanced Biosensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Smart Immunomodulating Nanocomposites Enabling on-Demand Solid Tumor Treatment With Quasi-Real-Time Response Monitoring.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Pre-treatment T-cell Transcriptional Signatures Predict Immunotherapy Outcomes in Melanoma.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- Challenges in tracer development for tumor microenvironment (TME) imaging.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Review
- Bioorthogonal Fluorogenic Reporters for Noninvasive Imaging and Urinalysis of Immunotherapeutic Response in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeting Cytotoxic T-Cell Effector Function with Granzyme B PET: Translational Advances Toward Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Radionuclide-labeled oxygen-self-supplying calcium reservoir for high-efficiency radioimmunotherapy via synergistic pyroptosis activation and PD-L1 downregulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- T-Cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment: Subcellular Dysfunction, Pan-Cancer Characteristics, and Therapeutic Interventions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Granzyme B PET Imaging Uncovers Dynamic Patterns of Disease Activity and Therapeutic Response in a Murine Colitis Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Granzyme B PET/CT predicts chemo-immunotherapy outcomes in microsatellite stable gastric cancers.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- CD8 immunoPET imaging to stratify response and guide combination immunotherapy and radiation in triple negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Tumour Microenvironment-Informed Radiotheranostics: Why and How Nuclear Medicine Could Advance Precision Oncology in the Decade Ahead.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While cancer immunotherapy can produce dramatic responses, only a minority of patients respond to treatment. Reliable response biomarkers are needed to identify responders, and conventional imaging modalities have not proved adequate. Here, we provide a preclinical proof of concept for the use of granzyme B, a downstream effector of tumoral cytotoxic T cells, as an early biomarker for tumors responding to immunotherapy. We designed novel PET imaging probes for the murine and human granzyme B isoforms that specifically and quantitatively bind granzyme B. Immunotherapy-treated mice were imaged prior to therapy-induced tumor volume reduction. Imaging distinguished treated responders from nonresponders with excellent predictive ability. To assess the clinical value of a granzyme B imaging paradigm, biopsy specimens from melanoma patients on checkpoint inhibitor therapy were analyzed. A marked differential in granzyme B expression was observed between treated responders and nonresponders. Additionally, our human probe was able to specifically detect granzyme B expression in human samples, providing a clear candidate for clinical application. Overall, our results suggest granzyme B PET imaging can serve as a quantitatively useful predictive biomarker for efficacious responses to cancer immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.