ArticleNucleic acids research2017
The effect of increasing numbers of repeats on TAL effector DNA binding specificity.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advancements for Enhanced Biocatalyst and Biotransformation.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- A buffer-tuning strategy to profile domain-specific activity of chimeric I-TevI/CRISPR gene editors in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unconstrained Precision Mitochondrial Genome Editing with αDdCBEs.Human gene therapy · 2024Article
- Systematic discovery of DNA-binding tandem repeat proteins.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Designer TALEs enable discovery of cell death-inducer genes.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Harnessing accurate mitochondrial DNA base editing mediated by DdCBEs in a predictable manner.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- A single promoter-TALE system for tissue-specific and tuneable expression of multiple genes in rice.Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Visualizing looping of two endogenous genomic loci using synthetic zinc-finger proteins with anti-FLAG and anti-HA frankenbodies in living cells.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2021Article
- Designed architectural proteins that tune DNA looping in bacteria.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Ehrlichia TRP effectors: moonlighting, mimicry and infection.Pathogens and disease · 2021Review
- Epigenome engineering: new technologies for precision medicine.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Genome targeting by hybrid Flp-TAL recombinases.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Tuning up Transcription Factors for Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Divalent cations promote TALE DNA-binding specificity.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Context and number of noncanonical repeat variable diresidues impede the design of TALE proteins with improved DNA targeting.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2020Article
- PthA4Molecular plant pathology · 2019Article
- Functional instability allows access to DNA in longer transcription Activator-Like effector (TALE) arrays.eLife · 2019Article
- Increased Frataxin Expression Induced in Friedreich Ataxia Cells by Platinum TALE-VP64s or Platinum TALE-SunTag.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2018Article
- Engineering altered protein-DNA recognition specificity.Nucleic acids research · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) recognize their DNA targets via tandem repeats, each specifying a single nucleotide base in a one-to-one sequential arrangement. Due to this modularity and their ability to bind long DNA sequences with high specificity, TALEs have been used in many applications. Contributions of individual repeat-nucleotide associations to affinity and specificity have been characterized. Here, using in vitro binding assays, we examined the relationship between the number of repeats in a TALE and its affinity, for both target and non-target DNA. Each additional repeat provides extra binding energy for the target DNA, with the gain decaying exponentially such that binding energy saturates. Affinity for non-target DNA also increases non-linearly with the number of repeats, but with a slower decay of gain. The difference between the effect of length on affinity for target versus non-target DNA manifests in specificity increasing then diminishing with increasing TALE length, peaking between 15 and 19 repeats. Modeling across different hypothetical saturation levels and rates of gain decay, reflecting different repeat compositions, yielded a similar range of specificity optima. This range encompasses the mean and median length of native TALEs, suggesting that these proteins as a group have evolved for maximum specificity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.