ArticlePloS one2017
Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D and cancer incidence: A modeling study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill's Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Ten-Year Trends in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Slovenia (2014-2023): Laboratory-Based Data from Tested Individuals and COVID-19-Period Changes.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Genetic Variants Influencing Individual Vitamin D Status.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Are long-lasting nonspecific symptoms related to vitamin D deficiency among older adults living in nursing homes?BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Review
- Unveiling the Interplay-Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2.Biology · 2024Review
- Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Physiological Basis for Using Vitamin D to Improve Health.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Review
- Arsenic trioxide-induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are potentiated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human leukemia K562 cells.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- Power determination in vitamin D randomised control trials and characterising factors affecting it through a novel simulation-based tool.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Association between umbilical cord vitamin D levels and adverse neonatal outcomes.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- Lower vitamin D status may help explain why black women have a higher risk of invasive breast cancer than white women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Article
- Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Before and After Treatment Initiation.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2019Observational
- In defense of the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis.Endocrine · 2019Article
- A Review of the Potential Benefits of Increasing Vitamin D Status in Mongolian Adults through Food Fortification and Vitamin D Supplementation.Nutrients · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although geographic ecological studies and observational studies find that ultraviolet B exposure and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are inversely correlated with 15-20 types of cancer, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D support those findings. The poor design of some RCTs may account for that lack of support. Most vitamin D RCTs to date have considered the vitamin D dose, rather than initial, final, or changes in, serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Here a model is developed for use in designing and analyzing vitamin D RCTs with application to cancer incidence. The input variables of the model are vitamin D dose, baseline and achieved 25(OH)D concentrations, known rates of cancer for the population, and numbers of participants for the treatment and placebo arms is estimated-vitamin D dosage and numbers of participants are varied to achieve desired hazard ratio significance, using information from two vitamin D RCTs on cancer incidence conducted in Nebraska with good agreement between the model estimates and reported hazard ratios. Further improvements to the conduct of vitamin D RCTs would be to start the trial with a moderate bolus dose to achieve the desired 25(OH)D concentrations, and bloodspot 25(OH)D assay use in summer and winter annually to monitor seasonal and long-term changes in 25(OH)D concentration and compliance, and to allow dosage adjustment for achievement of desired vitamin D status.
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