ArticleEuropean journal of translational myology2017
Nutrition, Pharmacological and Training Strategies Adopted by Six Bodybuilders: Case Report and Critical Review.
Article in European journal of translational myology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Bang® Pre-Workout Master Blaster® combined with four weeks of resistance training on lean body mass, maximal strength, mircoRNA expression, and serum IGF-1 in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Trial
- Beyond the Limits of Human Muscle Hypertrophy: A Case Study of a Mr. Olympia Competitor Bodybuilder.Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2026Article
- Dietary, Body Composition, and Blood Leptin Variations in Fit-Model Female Athletes During the Pre-Competition Period.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Training, Pharmacological Ergogenic Aids, Dehydration, and Nutrition Strategies during a Peak Week in Competitive Brazilian Bodybuilders: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study in a Non-World Anti-Doping Agency Competitive Environment.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Dead Bodybuilders Speaking from the Heart: An Analysis of Autopsy Reports of Bodybuilders That Died Prematurely.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2022Article
- Can Bodybuilding Peak Week Manipulations Favorably Affect Muscle Size, Subcutaneous Thickness, and Related Body Composition Variables? A Case Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lean mass sparing in resistance-trained athletes during caloric restriction: the role of resistance training volume.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Review
- Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Strategies in Bodybuilding: Impact on Kidney Function.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Prevention Methods of Fitness and Bodybuilding Exercise Injury Based on Data Mining.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Weight loss practices and eating behaviours among female physique athletes: Acquiring the optimal body composition for competition.PloS one · 2022Article
- Peak week recommendations for bodybuilders: an evidence based approach.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Review
- Training Programs Designed for Muscle Hypertrophy in Bodybuilders: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: dependent or independent variables? A provocative review.European journal of translational myology · 2020Article
- Nutritional strategies of British professional and amateur natural bodybuilders during competition preparation.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Article
- Towards a Sustainable Nutrition Paradigm in Physique Sport: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Article
- Does the addition of single joint exercises to a resistance training program improve changes in performance and anthropometric measures in untrained men?European journal of translational myology · 2018Article
- Nutritional Peak Week and Competition Day Strategies of Competitive Natural Bodybuilders.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- EJTM3 is also covering Mobility and Medicine at large, an update.European journal of translational myology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to report and analyze the practices adopted by bodybuilders in light of scientific evidence and to propose evidence-based alternatives. Six (four male and two female) bodybuilders and their coaches were directly interviewed. According to the reports, the quantity of anabolic steroids used by the men was 500-750 mg/week during the bulking phase and 720-1160 mg during the cutting phase. The values for women were 400 and 740 mg, respectively. The participants also used ephedrine and hydrochlorothiazide during the cutting phase. Resistance training was designed to train each muscle once per week and all participants performed aerobic exercise in the fasted state in order to reduce body fat. During the bulking phase, bodybuilders ingested ~2.5 g of protein/kg of body weight. During the cutting phase, protein ingestion increased to ~3 g/kg and carbohydrate ingestion decreased by 10-20%. During all phases, fat ingestion corresponded to ~15% of the calories ingested. The supplements used were whey protein, chromium picolinate, omega 3 fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, poly-vitamins, glutamine and caffeine. The men also used creatine in the bulking phase. In general, the participants gained large amounts of fat-free mass during the bulking phase; however, much of that fat-free mass was lost during the cutting phase along with fat mass. Based on our analysis, we recommend an evidence-based approach by people involved in bodybuilding, with the adoption of a more balanced and less artificial diet. One important alert should be given for the combined use of anabolic steroids and stimulants, since both are independently associated with serious cardiovascular events. A special focus should be given to revisiting resistance training and avoiding fasted cardio in order to decrease the reliance on drugs and thus preserve bodybuilders' health and integrity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.